How to treat thyroid cancer?

The human body is like a magic machine, when a certain part of the machine when problems occur, the body will appear to remind us of some small state's attention. However, the daily busy life whether you turn a blind eye to these health warning out? Xiao Bian specifically for the busy home life for you have identified a full range of knowledge, hoping to make your every day off healthy and happy.

(A) surgical treatment of

Surgical treatment mainly involves two issues, namely, suspicious for cancer, thyroid nodules on how to correctly handle? Second, that have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer should be what the best treatment.

1. Suspicious nodule treatment of thyroid carcinoma: a more reasonable program is screening for all thyroid nodules 131 Ⅰ scan routine to do. In addition to 131 Ⅰ scan revealed inflammatory nodules as functional or external, have adopted a surgical exploration. In particular, any of the following persons should be an early surgical treatment.

① not exclude cancerous nodules.

② diameter greater than 3 ~ 5cm cystic nodules, or puncture and examination to find cancer cells or 2 to 3 times puncture those who do not disappear.

③ ultrasound examination of the substantive tumor. Solitary nodule on the surgical options, due to solitary nodules a high incidence of cancer, up to 5% ~ 35% so far nor a reliable method to determine, and even intraoperative frozen section there are also individual missed, but also the simple knot section removed, the recurrence is higher. Up to 16.7%. Therefore, we conventional single solid thyroid nodule, cystic-solid nodules and cystic nodules> 4cm caught rows affected side lobe resection isthmus resection surgery were not found in lymph nodes, not to the neck dissection.

2. That have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer should adopt in dealing with the rules, depending on patient's physical situation, the pathological type of cancer and clinical stage.

(1) papillary carcinoma: clinical with the degree of malignancy is low, the high rate of cervical lymph node metastasis, and good hair in the middle-aged women, and so on, so surgical treatment must take into account these factors. If the cancer confined to the side of the gland, the gland can be affected side, together with the total removal of the isthmus, while the contralateral gland subtotal line. However, if the cancer has invaded about two leaves, it would take would be on both sides of the isthmus, together with the total removal of the gland. 5 years after surgery the cure rate of up to 80%. Clinical Practice has proved that the absence of cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary adenocarcinoma without lymph node at the same time remove the affected side, preventive neck dissection does not improve the cure rate. But it should be emphasized that the importance of postoperative follow-up there, however, to remote mountain areas or in rural areas the lack of follow-up of patients with conditions should be treated differently. Right neck lymph nodes of patients, including lymph node dissection for thyroid cancer, including radical surgery combined domestic and international programs are consistent.

(2) follicular thyroid carcinoma: Although low-grade malignant thyroid cancer, but it means the transfer is mainly hematogenous metastasis, lymph node metastasis accounted for about 20%, non-clinical cervical lymph nodes and generally does not make preventive neck dissection surgery. Have cervical lymph node metastasis are not necessarily the same time, blood and metastasis, so therapeutic neck dissection is necessary.

(3), medullary carcinoma: medium degree of malignancy, often along the lymphatic and blood metastasis, once the cervical lymph node metastasis, infiltration into the capsule can be faster, the involving the surrounding tissue, so the clinical diagnosis regardless of whether the palpable swelling lymph nodes, all engage in a selective neck dissection. Associated with pheochromocytoma who, in the thyroid surgery before the first treatment of pheochromocytoma, or surgery may stimulate high blood pressure, affect the operations carried out smoothly.

(4), undifferentiated carcinoma: Due to a short course of the disease, rapid development, the first visit by a majority has lost the opportunity to cure, the prognosis is bad, not only do surgery or biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. But occasionally there are small lesions suitable for surgery should actively strive for radical surgery.

(B) Chemical treatment

Differentiated thyroid cancer response to chemotherapy is poor, the only choice, and other treatments can not be together for some late local or distant metastasis resection patients. With doxorubicin the most effective response rate of up to 30% ~ 45%, prolong life, even in foci when the long-term survival without narrowing. In contrast, undifferentiated carcinoma was more sensitive to chemotherapy, multi-use in combination with chemotherapy commonly used drugs, doxorubicin (ADM) cyclophosphamide (CTX), mitomycin C (MMC), vincristine alkaline (VCR), such as the COA program CTX0.8d1VCRl. 4mg/m2d1d8, ADM 30 ~ 40mg/m2dl. 2l days of each l-cycle.

(C) endocrine therapy

Thyroxine can inhibit TSH secretion, and thus the proliferation and differentiation of thyroid cancer have a good inhibitory effect on the papillary carcinoma and follicular thyroid carcinoma have a better therapeutic effect. Therefore, in the conventional types of thyroid cancer after surgery to suppress TSH pre-dose thyroxine in the prevention of cancer recurrence and metastasis of treatment have some effect, but undifferentiated carcinoma is invalid. General domestic dry thyroid tablets every day 80 ~ 120mg, in order to maintain a high level of thyroid hormone levels.

(D) radiation therapy

Various types of thyroid cancer sensitivity to radiation vary widely, almost directly proportional to the degree of differentiation of thyroid cancer, differentiation better sensitivity worse, poorer differentiation, the higher the sensitivity. Therefore, the treatment of undifferentiated carcinoma was mainly radiotherapy. Iodine absorption of thyroid cancer have a certain capacity.