Hyperthyroidism

The human body is like a magic machine, when a certain part of the machine when problems occur, the body will appear to remind us of some small state's attention. However, the daily busy life whether you turn a blind eye to these health warning out? Xiao Bian specifically for the busy home life for you have identified a full range of knowledge, hoping to make your every day off healthy and happy.

What is hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism is "hyperthyroidism" is abbreviated.

In the body of the anterior department, there is a shape like a butterfly of the endocrine glands: thyroid. It is the hormone known as thyroid hormone secretion. In some cases, due to thyroid problems or thyroid gland itself other than some of the reasons to make thyroid hormones in the blood increased, excessive thyroid hormone can act on the body's tissues and organs, causing the body nervous, circulatory, digestive and other system, increased excitability, metabolism, manifestations of hyperthyroidism, known as hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism endocrine system is a frequently-occurring disease, and common diseases. As people work pressure and pace has accelerated noticeably, the incidence of hyperthyroidism is also showing a rising trend. Hyperthyroidism can occur in from newborns to the elderly at any age, but more common in young and middle-aged people, more than half the age of onset from 20 to 40 years. Hyperthyroidism female more common, women are men incidence of 4 ~ 6 times. Hyperthyroidism, if did not receive timely diagnosis and treatment, will significantly affect the patient's life and work, can also be complicated by severe hyperthyroid heart disease, diabetes, and hyperthyroidism myopathy, there heart failure, thyroid storm and other serious complications, and even endanger the生命. Thus, hyperthyroidism should be early detection, early treatment.


What are the predisposing factors for hyperthyroidism

Induced hyperthyroidism there are many factors that could be roughly divided into the following aspects.

1. Genetics. The occurrence of hyperthyroidism there is genetic factors, but genetic approach is unclear. Common in clinical practice into a family there are multiple patients with hyperthyroidism. For example, the mother had hyperthyroidism, that their daughters to enter puberty after suffering from hyperthyroidism, or a few sisters have got hyperthyroidism.

2. Autoimmune disorders. The body's immune system to defend against foreign invasion by disease-causing micro-organisms, internal organization can monitor its own cell. Once the immune system as "the enemy regardless of" normal tissue will be treated as alien to its attack, it led to the "auto-immune disorders." Hyperthyroidism is this autoimmune disorder consequences.

3. Infection. Some hyperthyroid patients after the onset of acute infection, some in the hyperthyroid disease control, often because of an infection, there is a setback. The study found that certain microbial composition and the composition of the thyroid gland have similar antigenicity. Therefore, infection with these microorganisms, the body produces antibodies against these organisms can also generate an immune response against the thyroid tissue, resulting in hyperthyroidism.

4. Psychological factors. Many patients with hyperthyroidism had before the onset of mental stimulation. In addition, mental stress, fast pace of life, can lead to hyperthyroidism, or sicker. Mental factors on the human body has a significant impact on the central nervous system to control the activities of parts of human emotions, but also control of human activities in various organs and endocrine glands area. Although not any one person in a situation of stress, must have hyperthyroidism. However, if there is genetic background, if there is psychological stress, there is most likely to occur with hyperthyroidism.


What are the common manifestations of hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism, the blood too much thyroid hormone.

As the role of thyroid hormone wide, so the performance of hyperthyroidism are also diverse, can involve the body's multiple systems. Common clinical manifestations are:

(1) increased basal metabolic: Heat intolerance manifested as sweating, skin warm and moist. Individuals may be associated with low-grade fever.

(2) goiter: General showed diffuse symmetric swelling, soft, no pain. Many patients can hear the blood vessels in the thyroid area noise.

(3) popeye: Can bilateral or unilateral exophthalmos, may have congestion and edema.

(4) nervous system: the performance of Piqijizao, mood swings, thinking, concentration, insomnia, tremor. But the elderly can also be expressed as reticent, depression.

(5) muscle system: weight loss, muscular weakness. Can be combined periodic paralysis.

(6) cardiovascular system: often palpitation, tachycardia. Even in the rest and sleep, heart rate, not slowing down. May have a variety of arrhythmias, such as the premature beat, atrial fibrillation, and so on. In severe cases of cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure.

(7) the digestive system: the metabolic hyperactivity, the patient Yi hungry eat, but the weight changes for the worse. However, in elderly patients, loss of appetite may from time to hyperthyroidism. Stool frequency increased, was mushy. A small number of seriously ill patients, there may be jaundice, abnormal liver function.

(8) blood and lymphatic system: neutrophils are often lower lymphocytosis.

(9) Reproductive system: female menstrual often scarce, and even amenorrhea. Male impotence and occasionally breast development.

(10) Skin: part of the patients with diffuse skin, mucous membrane color deepened. Some patients also have decreased pigment, there vitiligo.


Tip hyperthyroidism signal

Hyperthyroidism have a variety of performance, at the beginning, you can only prominent individual's performance.

With the extension of course, various symptoms became apparent. To observe a number of physical anomalies, will help us identify hyperthyroidism.

Flustered: rapid heartbeat is a common form of early symptoms of hyperthyroidism. A normal heart rate 60-100 times per minute, between the morning and wake up a quiet state of the heart rate normally not more than 80 times, then will have to alert if more than hyperthyroidism; In addition, during the day the case of non-strenuous exercise, heart rate often 100 times or so, and even faster if we must promptly to the hospital.

Appetite changes: the recent sudden loss of appetite strong, easy to hunger.

Diarrhea: stool faceless justice, or basic shape, but the more times a day up to several times.

Emotional Disorders: easy to lose my temper, angry, often because of a little trivial furious.

Action Exception: trembling of the hands, feet shaking, there was an obstacle to do fine movements, such as not Xiecai, write askew and so on.

Sleep Disorders: Multi-dream, is not easy to sleep, easy to wake up.

Weight loss: Despite the strong appetite, eating more, but she's obviously thin.

Hyperhidrosis: a normal summer, sweating, it should be the same every year, if compared with the previous years, this year was particularly severe sweating out, it would more questionable. Winter hyperhidrosis, or others do not feel hot case, you sweat, but also to attention.

It also occurs if one or more of the above symptoms should attract attention.


How to diagnose hyperthyroidism

Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism mainly based on the patient's clinical manifestations and laboratory tests at the same time we must pay attention to other diseases identified.

The main clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism, including thyroid hormone syndrome caused by excessive secretion, as well as goiter, exophthalmos and so on. Because thyroid hormone excess, can cause a variety of symptoms. Heat intolerance as often in patients with hyperhidrosis; palpitation, tachycardia, and even cardiac arrhythmia; appetite hyperthyroidism. Stool frequency increased; Piqijizao, mood swings, insomnia and more dreams, trembling of the hands and so on.

Determination of blood laboratory tests including thyroid hormones, thyroid autoantibodies, thyroid iodide uptake (131I) rate and thyroid B extra fine. Hyperthyroidism in the blood of thyroid hormone and autoantibody levels will rise, thyroid iodide uptake (131I) rate will rise, thyroid B-can be found such as changes in blood flow is very rich.

Although hyperthyroidism is very common, but each person's performance is different and must be integrated when the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism situations for analysis. Also need to be simple goiter, neurosis, subacute thyroiditis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis differentiated from other diseases.


Laboratory examination of the characteristics of patients with hyperthyroidism

Inspection items hyperthyroidism many different sides respectively to reflect these checks thyroid state.

But usually do not need all of the checks, according to different conditions of choice:

1. General Index

Blood cholesterol, triglycerides, creatine in urine, blood, etc., can determine the general condition of the body.

2. Serum thyroid hormones in check

Including the serum total T3 (TT3), total T4 (TT4), free T3 (FT3), free T4 (FT4), anti-T3 (r-T3) and so determined to understand the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone in hyperthyroidism at the time of increase in the state.

3. Hypothalamus - pituitary - thyroid axis assessment

There are ultra-sensitive serum TSH (s-TSH) determination of thyroid iodide uptake (131I) measured the rate of thyroid suppression test (including the T3 suppression test and thyroid hormone suppression test), thyroid-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone stimulation test (TRH stimulation test ). These inspections can reflect the function of thyroid status and regulation of the body of the thyroid gland.

4. Thyroid morphology examination

Thyroid ultrasound examination, radionuclide thyroid imaging, thyroid CT screening can detect whether there is thyroid enlargement, form exceptions.

5. Thyroid immunology

TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) determination of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), thyroid microsomal antibody (TMAb) measurement and so on, you can find the existence of abnormal immune function.

6. Check the nature of thyroid lesions

Thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology may be to further clarify the cause of hyperthyroidism, in particular the need to remove some more useful when malignant etiology.


What method of treatment of hyperthyroidism

The treatment of hyperthyroidism, including the basis for a general treatment, and specifically for their special treatment of hyperthyroidism.

General treatment that the rest should be appropriate to give high-calorie, low-iodine, vitamin-rich diet.

Special treatment of hyperthyroidism can be divided into three kinds. One is the use of medical drug therapy, namely, by long-term use of anti-thyroid drugs, inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormone to treat hyperthyroidism. Said the long-term, that is, under the guidance of doctors on medication, medication for at least two consecutive years. Another method is to use radioactive iodine treatment, which is giving the patient an oral dose of radioactive nuclides (isotopes) of iodine, which after taking radioactive iodine, you can quickly enter the thyroid gland, hyperthyroidism the thyroid tissue to a certain extent destruction, to achieve therapeutic goals. The third is the surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism the thyroid gland to remove most of the fall, for therapeutic purposes.

Three kinds of treatment methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In general, medical drug treatment for a wide range of people, as long as no drug allergies, etc., can be used. The biggest advantage is relatively safe, permanent hypothyroidism does not occur. However, the time required for treatment of relatively long, the cure rate is relatively low. Radioactive iodine therapy commonly used in middle-aged persons, for children, pregnant women should not be used. Surgical treatment of thyroid gland require patients to relatively large, and the general health is better able to tolerate surgery. Although the latter two methods use a high cure rate, but about 10% of patients will appear permanent hypothyroidism.


The choice of a good anti-thyroid drug therapy for hyperthyroidism

Imidazole antithyroid drugs can be divided into categories, such as methimazole, and thiourea, such as propylthiouracil.

These drugs are divided into different domestic and imported, such as the match rule is that imports of imidazole drugs. Anti-thyroid drugs by blocking the synthesis of hormones within the thyroid cells, so that reduction of thyroid hormone, resulting in therapeutic effects. Usually little difference between them, treatment options according to the situation when one of them.

But the two types of drugs still have some differences. Such as drug is cleared from the blood of time (ie, the half-life) not the same. Propylthiouracil shorter, only 60 minutes, while methimazole long, 4 to 6 hours. Therefore, Propylthiouracil medication must be 6 to 8 hours once, while methimazole is not only a long half-life of blood, in the thyroid gland time to stay longer, you can take a single day. As Propylthiouracil small amount through the placenta, a relatively small effect on the fetus, in hyperthyroidism during pregnancy are advised to use propylthiouracil. On the other hand, hyperthyroidism is the main reason leading to happen is one of the body to produce its own immune response, the blood will appear in a number of autoantibodies. The methimazole better able to suppress the autoimmune response, reduce blood levels of autoantibodies. This role should be said that is the cause of hyperthyroidism had a better treatment, more conducive to long-term control of hyperthyroidism.


Hyperthyroidism drug therapy a number of issues requiring attention during the

Hyperthyroidism patients taking antithyroid drugs during treatment, there are several common problems that require attention.

1. Regular checks of blood thyroid hormone. This reflects the good or bad condition of hyperthyroidism and objective indicators of drug efficacy. The general rule at an early stage should have a monthly review of a time, in reducing drug phase 1 or 2 months later a second, in the maintenance of phase 2 to 3 months later a second, until the end of treatment. Special circumstances can also be by a doctor based on the patient's specific circumstances.

2. Note that changes in white blood cells. Drug treatment of hyperthyroidism is one of the existence of the adverse reactions have an impact on the blood system, frequently asked questions are leukopenia after treatment. White blood cells are the body against foreign bacteria, viruses and other harmful micro-organisms, reduce the occurrence of infectious diseases, an important line of defense. If the drug after the patient's neutropenia, can lead to infection. While the incidence of adverse reactions is not high, but if the white blood cells develop into a serious deficiency, can be life-threatening. Therefore, treatment with anti-thyroid drugs, in particular, large amount of medication, it should be white checks on a regular basis. Because of leukopenia, often lead to infection, as indicated in respiratory tract infection, the patient may have a sore throat (pharyngitis), fever and other symptoms, this time should immediately disable the anti-thyroid drugs, go see a doctor as soon as possible so that they can receive timely treatment.

3. Regular checks of liver function. Hyperthyroidism itself, there will be changes in liver function, if the person had a liver disease, or underlying liver dysfunction, medication will be possible after the aggravation of liver injury have elevated transaminases, jaundice, and so on. Therefore, we should review the treatment of liver function.

4. Guard against allergic reactions. Some patients because of their physical difference, there will be adverse drug allergic reactions such as skin itching, rash, etc., in the event should be a timely manner.


Hyperthyroidism treatment Guizaijianchi, not buys them on intuition

Treatment of hyperthyroidism is attacking a protracted war, the medication time is normally two years.

In order to effectively control the hyperthyroidism, long-term mitigation, must comply with doctor's orders, daily medication, perseverance.

Some of the symptoms of patients improved after treatment, medication is not the rules, even by their own medicine, withdrawal, resulting in recurrent disease and difficult to control, to the treatment of difficult. Some patients fear troubles or are busy with work, feeling pretty good after the treatment, on his own to buy some drugs, hospitals, follow-up, do not do laboratory tests. To know the treatment of hyperthyroidism is not static, and in the treatment of thyroid function should be monitored at any time adjust the dose, it is necessary to ensure adequate, they can not be excessive. This adjustment varies, and sometimes the patients do not have much discomfort, and blood thyroid hormone level has changed, need to adjust the dose of the. According to a different doctor each person's condition, combined with clinical experience to determine which drugs and adjustment. If the "buys them on intuition", and can not do precise adjustment, the ideal conditions are under control. Therefore, in patients during treatment, it should be every 1 to 3 months to the hospital to review a time to carry out thyroid function and thyroid autoantibodies, so as to quickly complete cure hyperthyroidism.

Therefore, adherence to the correct medication, receiving close observation, the whole treatment of hyperthyroidism is extremely important.


Why do some patients with hyperthyroidism after treatment of fat

Some patients in the treatment of hyperthyroidism often occurs after weight gain.

They hearsay to believe that this is the treatment of hyperthyroidism "hormone medicine" at play. In fact, it totally incorrect.

At present the main drug treatment of hyperthyroidism, such as methimazole (Tapazole), propylthiouracil, is simply not part of hormone. Its role is to enter the thyroid gland after the block thyroid hormone synthesis, so called "anti-thyroid drugs."

Why some patients after treatment would be fat together? This is due to no control over the condition of hyperthyroidism before, due to high metabolism, consume more, although eating more is still a noticeable weight loss. When after treatment with anti-thyroid drugs, with a high metabolism be controlled, consume less, this time as continuing to eat a lot of food, body weight will increase. It's like a barrel to a flawed Riga water, always loaded discontent vulnerability has been blocked once lived, to continue to add water, bucket of water will be filled up. Thus, when hyperthyroidism disease control, it should be an appropriate diet, weight will not be significantly increased.

Usually people refer to "would be to use hormonal drugs fat", or rather, this refers to the adrenal hormone glucocorticoid, such as cortisone (cortisone) or drugs such as prednisone. However, some patients in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, you may need a joint with thyroxine. Although this is hormones, but thyroid hormone secretion, not adrenal cortex hormones. When thyroid hormone dosage is large, is not fat, but will thin.


How to prevent recurrence of hyperthyroidism

Recurrence after treatment of hyperthyroidism is very common.

Generally, isotopes with surgery or treatment, recurrence is relatively small, but with a medical drug treatment, recurrence is relatively large. As much as possible to avoid or reduce the recurrence of hyperthyroidism may be caused by factors, is very important.

Though a variety of incentives for recurrence of hyperthyroidism, but some factors have a certain commonality. First of all, treatment should be thorough, in determining the withdrawal prior to the performance of hyperthyroidism should be gone, and thyroid gland is not, there is no exophthalmos, blood and normal thyroid hormones, thyroid autoantibodies (thyroid receptor antibody) has also become negative. Secondly, in the cessation of a period of time after treatment, should still be reviewed on a regular basis go to the hospital. After withdrawal, we should try to avoid thinking of extreme stress, working too tired, life and living is not the law, do not exert too much pressure on himself. In the diet, or a large number of iodine should be taken to avoid eating food. For young women, but also should be avoided not to become pregnant immediately, if found to be pregnant, then the entire pregnancy period, with or without symptoms of hyperthyroidism, thyroid function should be regular checks because of pregnancy, also contributed to the recurrence of the contributory factors. If it is won in childhood hyperthyroidism, after treatment after treatment, with the arrival of puberty is also possible recurrence. Data show that attention to these triggers may reduce the proportion of recurrence of hyperthyroidism.


Hyperthyroid patients need high-calorie, low-iodine diet

Hyperthyroidism patients should always eat a number of high fever cards, high-protein diet.

This is because when the metabolism of hyperthyroidism strong, the body of material consumption increased. Therefore, pay special attention to a variety of nutrients to add, in the diet to make appropriate adjustments to improve the total daily energy intake, eat high-protein food high fever cards. In order to provide sufficient energy, the young hyperthyroid patients may also have to eat more fatty foods. Eat vitamin-rich fruits, vegetables, to supplement a variety of nutrients. Some hyperthyroid patients had increased frequency of bowel movements, this time we must pay attention not only to have the Food and nutrition, but also easy to digest and absorb.

On the other hand, in patients with hyperthyroidism should be Jichi seafood. Seaweed, jellyfish, mussels, seaweed, algae and various marine fish other foods rich in iodine, hyperthyroidism if the regular consumption of these foods, it will cause excessive iodine intake. Iodine is a raw material for thyroid hormones, hyperthyroidism increased synthesis of thyroid hormones. If we provide a large number of raw materials for synthesis of thyroid hormones, would make the condition of hyperthyroidism is not easy to control, or easily lead to fluctuations in illness, relapse. Thus, hyperthyroidism patients should eat a low