The human body is like a magic machine, when a certain part of the machine when problems occur, the body will appear to remind us of some small state's attention. However, the daily busy life whether you turn a blind eye to these health warning out? Xiao Bian specifically for the busy home life for you have identified a full range of knowledge, hoping to make your every day off healthy and happy.
Worldwide more than 200 million people suffering from thyroid disease, but it is estimated that 50% of them are not aware of the illness.
Thyroid is one in front of the trachea, a small butterfly-shaped organ, which in regulating many functions of our body play a key role.
Thyroid manufacture, storage and release of thyroid hormones into the blood, regulate the body's metabolism. Of these hormones on the maintenance of all body tissues, organs and normal functioning is very important. They make the body more efficient use of stored energy to maintain body temperature to ensure the muscles work properly.
Abnormal thyroid function There are two main diseases: hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism), or hypothyroidism, is a very common thyroid disease. It occurred in the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone (T4 and T3) of the case. This lack of thyroid hormones will slow down the body's metabolism, so that patients often feel tired and depressed. Patients may also find that weight gain (even if control of the diet and to exercise), blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels.
Cause
Hypothyroidism caused by a variety of reasons, including:
* Iodine deficiency. Iodine is necessary for thyroid hormone production, an element of iodine deficiency is the world's congenital hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism are born with) the main reason. Iodine deficiency can also cause increased thyroid gland (goiter).
* Born with congenital absence or deficiency of thyroid (congenital hypothyroidism).
* Autoimmune thyroiditis. This case, the body's own defense system (antibodies) attack, destruction of thyroid. Is the most important cause of acquired hypothyroidism, acquired hypothyroidism is more prevalent than the congenital hypothyroidism.
* Thyroid surgery lead to hypothyroidism.
* Partial thyroid or radioactive iodine therapy, hypothyroidism may occur.
* Head and neck radiation therapy can cause thyroid damage.
• Some medicines can trigger a genetic susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease someone who is hypothyroid. These drugs include amiodarone, lithium preparations, interferon-α and interleukin -2.
Risk Factors
The risk of hypothyroidism occurs in some population groups more than others:
* Women, especially pregnant women, newly menopausal women, a female or
• There autoimmune hypothyroidism or with a family history of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, who
* Over 50 years of age
* People who have made thyroid surgery
* People with Down's Syndrome or Turner's syndrome have a
* Received radioactive iodine treatment of people
* Neck who received radiation therapy
* Caucasian or Asian easier to get the disease than other ethnic
Each patient's symptoms of hypothyroidism vary, but the symptoms of hypothyroidism are not specific, therefore, hypothyroidism is often missed.
The main symptoms:
* Fatigue, easy to sleepiness
* Afraid of the cold
* Memory loss
* Weight gain or difficult to lose weight (even if the control of diet and exercise)
* Depression
* Heart rate
* Constipation
* Menstrual disorders and / or infertility
* Joint or muscle pain
* Thinning hair or brittle nails, hair loss
* Dry skin from skin, skin pale
* Face, hand, foot swelling
* Loss of libido
The impact on patients
Physical symptoms of hypothyroidism people unhappy, can affect the patient's self-esteem, work and family life. However, in patients with hypothyroidism is not only reduce the quality of life, if not treatment, it can cause more serious complications.
Hypothyroidism can cause:
* Heart rate is too slow, resulting in coma patients.
* High blood pressure, elevated blood cholesterol levels are risk factors for heart disease.
* Infertility.
* Alzheimer's disease (prevalence of female patients with increased risk of hypothyroidism).
Treatment
Use of substitutes should be made by the normal thyroid gland thyroid hormone to treat hypothyroidism. L-thyroxine (synthetic thyroid hormone) is a treatment option in patients with hypothyroidism. Patients usually require lifelong medication to effectively control the symptoms, successful treatment can enable patients able to live like normal people.
Hyperthyroidism
When too much thyroid production of thyroid hormones into the blood, can accelerate the body's metabolism, resulting in hyperthyroidism (referred to as hyperthyroidism). Like with hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism symptoms are light to heavy, mild hyperthyroidism, if left untreated, could develop further.
Cause
* 70% of Graves hyperthyroidism is caused by a disease called autoimmune diseases caused by. Carrying the disease susceptibility gene in some families in the more common.
* In some patients, thyroid nodules within the mass, or may gradually increase the growth and activity (autonomic functions adenoma), would lead to produce too much thyroid hormone.
* Thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland) may cause leakage of thyroid hormone out of blood, causing temporary symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
* 3 iodine A gland of the original acid (T3) and / or thyroxine (T4) overdose can lead to hyperthyroidism.
Risk Factors
Hyperthyroidism have a family gathering tendency is more prevalent among young women. However, it is unclear why some people will get a special hyperthyroidism.
Symptoms
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:
* Weight loss
* Stress, anxiety, irritability, love angry
* Fast heart rate (often more than 100 times per minute), heart palpitations
* Eyes bulging, staring (a typical example of Graves disease)
* Tremor
* Muscle weakness, fatigue
* Stool frequency increased, or even diarrhea
* Insomnia
* Love sweating
* Menstrual disorders, menstruation or amenorrhea less quantitative
The impact on patients
Hyperthyroidism without treatment, may lead to cardiac arrhythmia, or even a heart attack. In addition, patients with hyperthyroidism osteoporosis (bone loss, the increased possibility of fractures) and increased risk, especially postmenopausal women.
Treatment
Which treatment do not apply to all patients with hyperthyroidism. Doctors the choice of treatment depends on the type and severity of hyperthyroidism, patients age, the patient's other health conditions.
Choice of treatment include:
* Anti-thyroid drugs can inhibit the thyroid gland to create new capacity of thyroid hormones. Some patients, while anti-thyroid drug therapy in order to avoid the occurrence of hypothyroidism, but also an additional application of L-thyroxine (thyroid hormone replacement).
* Thyroid surgery. Such treatment may result in hypothyroidism (because of removal of the thyroid hormone produced by the source).
* Use of radioactive iodine destroy thyroid cells. This treatment can also cause hypothyroidism.
Diagnosis
Despite a very effective treatment of thyroid disease, but because the symptoms are too easily with other conditions such as depression, obesity, or menopause, confused, many patients remain undiagnosed. Am glad that the thyroid disease can be a simple blood TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone, also known as thyroid stimulating hormone) level test to diagnose. TSH by the pituitary gland is generated, when the thyroid gland does not release enough thyroid hormone when, TSH levels increased.
When the health problems, patients are more understanding than others. They should have confidence in listening to the voice of the body and found that abnormal symptoms, and timely treatment to the doctor to check thyroid function. This means that the disease diagnosed earlier, faster and relieve symptoms.
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