A 64-year-old male patient, because "I found that the neck mass in January," admitted City First People's Hospital. Doctors found that patients with neck mass that appeared more than two months before a hoarse voice, swallowing pain, mistaken for a sore throat, no attention. However, the postoperative pathologic examination showed the right side of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the pyriform sinus, right cervical lymph nodes 2 / 6, see metastasis.
Coincidentally. Xiangyang a 28-year-old female patient, but also because of "the neck mass was found four months," admitted to hospital and found that both before and after neck mass in patients with no symptoms, postoperative pathologic examination showed (left) papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Often in patients with neck mass was found a few months or even a few days treatment, the clinical often the first symptom for patients, or even the only symptoms, treatment, but the neck mass wide variety of sources, there were different types, nature is sometimes difficult to judge. Many patients with painless neck mass was discovered, the patient, and no apparent discomfort, difficult to pay sufficient attention to. In particular the location of the tumor in the throat of the hidden, late onset of symptoms, many patients even with throat discomfort, but in the local clinic was as chronic laryngitis, pharyngeal paraesthesia treatment, when the symptoms get worse after the treatment had no significant effect or only doctor will once again be a clear diagnosis.
The elderly and neck malignant tumor mass more likely, and often to bring about the clinical differential diagnosis and treatment difficult, often misdiagnosed, admission is cancer is often late, the prognosis is poor. Therefore, the elderly found that throat discomfort, hoarseness, swallowing a sense of obstruction, sputum with blood, which do not timely, it should guard against and promptly to the hospital.
Monday, December 28, 2009
Thyroid disease disappeared
One day, when you look in the mirror when he suddenly found himself neck thicker, and prominent mass can move up and down with swallowing saliva. This is probably the thyroid disease, commonly known as "thick necks."
According to the situation goiter, thyroid diseases are classified into two categories: diffuse swelling of the thyroid gland, more common in patients with thyroiditis and hyperthyroidism; and occurs one or more of the thyroid tumor, more common in thyroid adenoma, nodular goiter and thyroid cancer patients.
If found, please do not ignore its existence. To determine the size and nature of thyroid check a lot of very complex, mainly measured TSH, thyroid function, thyroid B-, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, radionuclide scans. If the B-show nodules substantive mass, punctate microcalcifications, irregular borders, its blood flow is rich in surrounding tissue infiltration, or associated with lymph node metastasis, radionuclide scan showed cold nodule, a high degree of prompt and "bad problems "- thyroid cancer.
Small foci of thyroid can be a long time without development, and the individual may go away. Part of the progressive development of lesions in thyroid cancer. Approximately 10% of benign thyroid lesions can be transformed into cancer, such as thyroid adenoma, nodular goiter and so on. In patients with benign thyroid tumors usually no obvious symptoms, individual tumor can oppression large trachea, so that the trachea, esophagus shift. Sometimes, due to tumor hemorrhage, tumor experience a sudden increase, accompanied by local pain. Malignant thyroid tumors in patients with neck pain often, a sense of urgency and other discomfort. Some patients with early stage cervical lymph node enlargement; some may also occur in patients with facial flushing and diarrhea.
Tumor invasion and its adjacent tissues and organs, causing a hoarse voice, difficulty in breathing, swallowing disorder and so on.
Benign and malignant thyroid is a common surgical disease, to promote the preferred surgical treatment. Surgical divided into three categories: one category is the traditional surgery, major injury, postoperative neck scar left by the more obvious, but the low price. The second type is endoscopic thyroid surgery, neck surgery without scars, but the damage to the body is still relatively large, prone to chest retraction and swallowing neck discomfort. The third category is assisted endoscopic thyroid surgery, neck, there will be a small incision 2 cm long incision in line with the striae, the use of endoscopic and harmonic scalpel technique of thyroid resection, postoperative orthopedic suture technique using fine suture,
Incision can be clothing and necklaces and other decorative objects cover is difficult to find a few months later, basically the same incision and normal skin. And the second types of surgery, like expensive than the first category. Three types of surgical thyroid problems can be solved, "thick necks" will soon disappear without a trace.
Sunday, December 27, 2009
Concord Hospital, the introduction of new technology, treatment of thyroid cancer
Yesterday morning, luannan patients Cao new to hang on outside a city, Union Hospital, Pu Chen Tieliang, director of the hands and thanked Union Medical College Hospital adoption of laparoscopic new technology, no surgery, no bleeding and scarring on his thyroid ills cured.
It is understood that the traditional method of surgical treatment of thyroid cancer is not only great trauma, scarring evident, as well as postoperative risk. For the benefit of patients, Union Hospital, Pu Chen Tieliang outside a Division Director in the province first introduced only in the patient's chest or areola part of minimally invasive endoscopic resection of thyroid tumors in the new surgical method. At present, the hospital has carried out hundreds of patients in minimally invasive endoscopic thyroid cosmetic surgery, popular female patients welcome.
It is understood that the traditional method of surgical treatment of thyroid cancer is not only great trauma, scarring evident, as well as postoperative risk. For the benefit of patients, Union Hospital, Pu Chen Tieliang outside a Division Director in the province first introduced only in the patient's chest or areola part of minimally invasive endoscopic resection of thyroid tumors in the new surgical method. At present, the hospital has carried out hundreds of patients in minimally invasive endoscopic thyroid cosmetic surgery, popular female patients welcome.
Bonsoy excessive iodine content in soybean may affect thyroid function
Center for Food Safety yesterday urged the public not to consume a quantity of suspected high iodine content in soy milk. Australian authorities said that the beverage company's Spiral Foods Pty Ltd is recalling the affected products are as follows: Product Name: Bonsoy Soy Milk Product weight: 1 liter of best before date: November 3, 2011 on or before the date of
Iodine thyroid hormones in the body's manufacture of the necessary nutrients, thyroid hormones regulate multiple metabolic functions of the human body, but long-term consumption of excessive iodine may affect thyroid function.
Iodine thyroid hormones in the body's manufacture of the necessary nutrients, thyroid hormones regulate multiple metabolic functions of the human body, but long-term consumption of excessive iodine may affect thyroid function.
Got hyperthyroidism will certainly be thin?
WASHINGTON reports, "Jet Li's suffering from hyperthyroidism 8 kg of lean donated 1 million to save the cataract patients," attracted a lot of misunderstanding, the original of people will be won hyperthyroidism violence thin! Hyperthyroidism patients gained weight in fact be shrinking?
Recognize the two faces of hyperthyroidism
Thin VS violent storm fertilizer
The full name of hyperthyroidism is hyperthyroidism, which is caused by a variety of reasons for excessive thyroid hormone secretion caused by a group of common endocrine diseases. Hyperthyroidism who won the general performance of a multi-food, weight loss, fear fever, sweating, palpitations, agitation and other symptoms, because the body catabolism strong, hyperthyroidism patients in the face of it greatly increased appetite, but the consumption of the nutritional content of the body too much, thus can easily lead to body weight decreased significantly. So when his body unexplained weight loss, then many will consider whether got hyperthyroidism. From this sense, come of patients with hyperthyroidism are generally thin.
However, this reason is not absolute, and some patients got hyperthyroidism, the weight is not only increased rather than decreased, this is called "fat hyperthyroidism", which is a different situation. Common in children and young women, some people early in the hyperthyroid condition, the catabolic than anabolic, body weight will increase, and the second is that if the process of medication in the treatment of hyperthyroidism excessive, causing a low slow metabolism, leading to weight gain .
Therefore, patients with hyperthyroidism won will keep this is an extreme emaciation.
Incentives: too much pressure
The key moment for fatal
Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen Xing-Ping Shen, director of introduction, in recent years, annual growth in patients with hyperthyroidism, and patients are mostly young people in society, which also shows from the side of hyperthyroidism to increase and pressure of life are closely related. Institute of experts pointed out that chronic diseases, hyperthyroidism, mainly in the female. Patients typically experience fatigue, weakness, emotional excitability, impatience, insomnia, thinking, concentration, exophthalmos, hand trembling tongue, symptoms such as goiter, or enlargement, women can lead to menstrual disorders or amenorrhea, while men may cause impotence or breast development and so on. If the long-ignored, left untreated, there may be a series of complications, serious, such as hyperthyroid heart disease, high blood pressure, hyperthyroid, rescue is not timely or even life-threatening.
He noted that, like Jet Li did not mind the idea is not correct, suffered from hyperthyroidism, it must not be taken lightly. Accelerated pace of modern urban life and suggested that a long period of emotional tension members of the public to increase in the annual physical examination of thyroid function, so that timely detection and treatment.
Recognize the two faces of hyperthyroidism
Thin VS violent storm fertilizer
The full name of hyperthyroidism is hyperthyroidism, which is caused by a variety of reasons for excessive thyroid hormone secretion caused by a group of common endocrine diseases. Hyperthyroidism who won the general performance of a multi-food, weight loss, fear fever, sweating, palpitations, agitation and other symptoms, because the body catabolism strong, hyperthyroidism patients in the face of it greatly increased appetite, but the consumption of the nutritional content of the body too much, thus can easily lead to body weight decreased significantly. So when his body unexplained weight loss, then many will consider whether got hyperthyroidism. From this sense, come of patients with hyperthyroidism are generally thin.
However, this reason is not absolute, and some patients got hyperthyroidism, the weight is not only increased rather than decreased, this is called "fat hyperthyroidism", which is a different situation. Common in children and young women, some people early in the hyperthyroid condition, the catabolic than anabolic, body weight will increase, and the second is that if the process of medication in the treatment of hyperthyroidism excessive, causing a low slow metabolism, leading to weight gain .
Therefore, patients with hyperthyroidism won will keep this is an extreme emaciation.
Incentives: too much pressure
The key moment for fatal
Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen Xing-Ping Shen, director of introduction, in recent years, annual growth in patients with hyperthyroidism, and patients are mostly young people in society, which also shows from the side of hyperthyroidism to increase and pressure of life are closely related. Institute of experts pointed out that chronic diseases, hyperthyroidism, mainly in the female. Patients typically experience fatigue, weakness, emotional excitability, impatience, insomnia, thinking, concentration, exophthalmos, hand trembling tongue, symptoms such as goiter, or enlargement, women can lead to menstrual disorders or amenorrhea, while men may cause impotence or breast development and so on. If the long-ignored, left untreated, there may be a series of complications, serious, such as hyperthyroid heart disease, high blood pressure, hyperthyroid, rescue is not timely or even life-threatening.
He noted that, like Jet Li did not mind the idea is not correct, suffered from hyperthyroidism, it must not be taken lightly. Accelerated pace of modern urban life and suggested that a long period of emotional tension members of the public to increase in the annual physical examination of thyroid function, so that timely detection and treatment.
Thursday, December 24, 2009
Thyroid disease-prone coastal areas, raised questions of excessive iodine
"Iodine" type trouble
Wen 李颖娟
Iodine, although in the human body requires only 20-50 mg, and only as much as a tablespoon, but it is closely related with people's lives. Human body, 70% to 80% of the iodine concentration in the thyroid body, constitutes an important component of thyroid hormone and the rest distributed in the circulating blood. Thyroid hormone can regulate the body's energy metabolism and oxygen in the process of phosphorylation involved in the synthesis of the three major nutrients, heat production and decomposition processes, promote the body's growth and development.
Iodine in the human body has 80-90% from food, absorbed through the intestinal tract, in the extracellular free, and then quickly capture most of thyroid gland, a small part with the saliva, urine and sweat to escape along with other in vitro.
Iodine deficiency is congenitally deficient
Under normal circumstances, the body reserves of iodine can be 2 months old, in the early iodine deficiency, iodine reserves, and the body can still be a strong regulatory mechanism to ensure proper functioning of thyroid gland. After a long-term iodine deficiency, can not make bricks without straw, synthetic thyroid hormone is increasingly difficult, eventually leading to the health of balance, a series of barriers, collectively referred to as iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).
People commonly known as the "big neck disease" is also a kind of iodine deficiency disorders. Under normal circumstances, thyroid tissue according to the body's demand for thyroid hormones in the operation, when the body's thyroid hormone requirements increase, the thyroid follicular cells in the active state, microglia reduced, epithelial cells larger. Iodine deficiency, due to lack of raw materials for synthesis of thyroid hormone, thyroid hormone synthesis less.
At this time control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid gland to begin secreting thyroid-stimulating hormone to urge the active thyroid cells to meet the needs of the body's thyroid hormone. As a result, the beginning of thyroid cell proliferation, larger, long run to form a swollen "big neck."
Addition of iodine can not be ignored but also because it is a critical moment in the brain play a role in development. On brain development period, the regulation of thyroid hormone is the main factor responsible for promoting neuronal proliferation, migration, differentiation, and functional. Iodine deficiency, thyroid hormone reduced, can lead to brain growth retardation, brain weight, reduced gyrus, cerebral cortex thinning and so on, resulting in lower IQ children.
Iodine excess lead to hypothyroidism
In the world things are going too far, and iodine excess and iodine deficiency are similar, can cause decreased thyroid function. In 2008, Tianjin Medical University ZHONG Na Sang six post-graduate students and other adults, the safety of iodine intake of clinical trials carried out in 4 weeks, the researchers will be 161 normal healthy thyroid function is divided into 7 groups, respectively, per day taking 500-2000 micrograms of iodine ranging.
Because of excessive iodine can be excreted with the urine, in the experiment has been under the weight of urine iodine, the researchers will be able to determine the demand for iodine in the body. Through the blood and urine, Tianjin Medical University, researchers found that iodine outset, each group of people of urinary iodine levels were significantly increased, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone significantly increased, reaching normal levels of 1 to 2 times, but the thyroid gland is still working , 2 weeks later, it began to appear with subclinical hypothyroidism.
In fact, the thyroid iodine intake for the strict control mechanisms to prevent damage caused by iodine on the human body. At home and abroad in recent years, studies have confirmed that thyroid cells for the uptake of iodine by the sodium - iodine transport body (NIS) control, NIS is a glycosylated membrane protein, in the body is the role of porters is mainly responsible for running from the blood to the thyroid cells send iodine, so that the intracellular iodine concentration 20-40 times higher than outside the cell, when the body of excessive iodine intake, the body will inhibit NIS generated, thus reducing the uptake of iodine.
In addition, the physiological function of the thyroid gland by the brain and thyroid gland while the dual regulation, the brain through the hypothalamic-pituitary secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone to regulate thyroid activity and thyroid Youxiang feedback from the brain's own needs, this mechanism guarantees a certain extent, the body under the physiological needs iodine intake.
Since the body has a self-adjustment function, then the excess of iodine is caused by thyroid gland injury how does?
Although iodine excess does not make the body content of iodine doubled, but if the iodine status persists, in order to protect the body from injury, sodium - iodine transport body (NIS) will continue at a low level, a large number of iodine can not be used, eventually ruled out as urine. Over time, reduced iodine content in thyroid tissue, and thyroid hormones have also been reduced. At this time, in order to maintain the normal operation of thyroid gland, the body also increases the content of NIS to increase the supply of iodine. As a result, the body in self-regulation and inhibition of iodine fiddle around with, eventually an exception occurs, causing thyroid damage, causing goiter and other adverse reactions.
The complications of high doses
Lack of Han Chinese people know how to Chisha, Chisha fill Han, so a large-scale iodine supplement policy after the year 2000, iodine-deficiency diseases are the basic control.
May be surprising is that the emergence of iodine deficiency has been a series of iodine complications. Is it related to consumption of iodized salt level? Now there is no conclusion, but the medical profession generally believe that iodine supplementation does cause some side effects, for long-term iodine deficiency in thyroid cells, the sudden iodine, is not a savior, but a killer.
As early as 1983, scholars, Many MC was found in animal experiments, once the excess iodine being oxidized, organic-based, you may have on the toxicity of iodine deficiency in thyroid cells. 2003, Tianjin Medical University, Luo Yuyu master a set of animal experiments, on the implementation of iodine deficiency in mice 5 times to 50 times the physiological reagents of iodine intake results show that iodine deficiency has been for some time for the mice who If the enlargement of the thyroid gland suddenly exposed to high doses of iodine in front, may induce thyroid follicular epithelial cell necrosis.
Compared with mice, who naturally have a stronger ability to adapt to the environment, people in long-term iodine deficiency, the thyroid tissue "will be from outside the military command," the formation of functional autonomy of thyroid nodules, is no longer obey the orders of the brain , and according to manufacture as much as possible reserves of iodine thyroid hormone. This time, the sudden nature of iodine, the body will be health too much thyroid hormone. This symptom in medicine become "iodine hyperthyroidism (IIH)", is the most common complication of an iodine supplementation. In addition, there are the more common autoimmune thyroid disease.
Internationally recognized research shows iodine, iodine intake and thyroid disease, the relationship into a U-shaped relationship between the iodine intake is too high and too low will lead to an increase in thyroid diseases. WHO believes that population levels of urinary iodine 100 to 200 micrograms of iodine per liter is the most appropriate state, in this state, iodine deficiency disease and iodine is the lowest incidence of diseases, while more than 300 micrograms per liter were considered to be excessive iodine intake. 150 micrograms / daily intake was considered more appropriate.
To do a lot more than just good, right, everyone is a quite difficult challenge, after all, eat and drink can not be moved from the restaurant lab bar to holding a graduated cylinder cup.
Iodized salt, who needs? How much to eat?
Southern Weekly reporter is a single Chongshan order
From ten years ago, universal love of iodine, and today there are individuals who stand up and refuse to iodized salt, it is to treat these daily intake of iodine in micrograms per meter elements, from one extreme to another extreme. To find out who should not eat iodized salt, this is a complex issue.
A non-iodine-deficient area residents need not consume iodized salt. A number of areas such as in Shandong Heze Prefecture, part of iodine areas, has been abolished mandatory iodine; there eating seafood-based fishermen, it has been calculated daily intake of more than 750 grams of marine fish populations, they do not need to iodine supplementation of.
Two patients with hyperthyroidism without consumption of iodized salt, because iodine will increase the synthesis of thyroid hormones, exacerbating illness.
3 thyroiditis (Hashimoto's Disease) patients not to consume iodized salt, iodine supplementation may increase the inflammatory symptoms.
Four patients with thyroid tumors, thyroid cancer and on the relationship between the level of iodine nutrition, the current medical research is not clear. Therefore, in patients with thyroid cancer in a matter of consumption of iodized salt in more cautiously in light condition, follow doctor's orders was supreme.
Five patients with hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism), the need for such groups make up points, there are also controversial, as a causal factor in hypothyroidism are diverse and can not be generalized.
6 other thyroid disorders, usually believed that only goiter patients need iodine, but in fact can be induced by iodine deficiency and iodine excess thyroid disease, so it is still necessary to integrate the illness and their iodine nutrition status, under the guidance of a doctor to do out of choice.
7 with thyroid disease, pregnant and lactating women, this is a difficult question, iodine nutrition level and the level of intellectual development of infants and young children closely related to the need to comply with doctor's orders with the individual circumstances, or take a separate pairs of breast-feeding infants and young children method of iodine supplementation . (Surveyed institutions: Guangdong CDC)
Wen 李颖娟
Iodine, although in the human body requires only 20-50 mg, and only as much as a tablespoon, but it is closely related with people's lives. Human body, 70% to 80% of the iodine concentration in the thyroid body, constitutes an important component of thyroid hormone and the rest distributed in the circulating blood. Thyroid hormone can regulate the body's energy metabolism and oxygen in the process of phosphorylation involved in the synthesis of the three major nutrients, heat production and decomposition processes, promote the body's growth and development.
Iodine in the human body has 80-90% from food, absorbed through the intestinal tract, in the extracellular free, and then quickly capture most of thyroid gland, a small part with the saliva, urine and sweat to escape along with other in vitro.
Iodine deficiency is congenitally deficient
Under normal circumstances, the body reserves of iodine can be 2 months old, in the early iodine deficiency, iodine reserves, and the body can still be a strong regulatory mechanism to ensure proper functioning of thyroid gland. After a long-term iodine deficiency, can not make bricks without straw, synthetic thyroid hormone is increasingly difficult, eventually leading to the health of balance, a series of barriers, collectively referred to as iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).
People commonly known as the "big neck disease" is also a kind of iodine deficiency disorders. Under normal circumstances, thyroid tissue according to the body's demand for thyroid hormones in the operation, when the body's thyroid hormone requirements increase, the thyroid follicular cells in the active state, microglia reduced, epithelial cells larger. Iodine deficiency, due to lack of raw materials for synthesis of thyroid hormone, thyroid hormone synthesis less.
At this time control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid gland to begin secreting thyroid-stimulating hormone to urge the active thyroid cells to meet the needs of the body's thyroid hormone. As a result, the beginning of thyroid cell proliferation, larger, long run to form a swollen "big neck."
Addition of iodine can not be ignored but also because it is a critical moment in the brain play a role in development. On brain development period, the regulation of thyroid hormone is the main factor responsible for promoting neuronal proliferation, migration, differentiation, and functional. Iodine deficiency, thyroid hormone reduced, can lead to brain growth retardation, brain weight, reduced gyrus, cerebral cortex thinning and so on, resulting in lower IQ children.
Iodine excess lead to hypothyroidism
In the world things are going too far, and iodine excess and iodine deficiency are similar, can cause decreased thyroid function. In 2008, Tianjin Medical University ZHONG Na Sang six post-graduate students and other adults, the safety of iodine intake of clinical trials carried out in 4 weeks, the researchers will be 161 normal healthy thyroid function is divided into 7 groups, respectively, per day taking 500-2000 micrograms of iodine ranging.
Because of excessive iodine can be excreted with the urine, in the experiment has been under the weight of urine iodine, the researchers will be able to determine the demand for iodine in the body. Through the blood and urine, Tianjin Medical University, researchers found that iodine outset, each group of people of urinary iodine levels were significantly increased, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone significantly increased, reaching normal levels of 1 to 2 times, but the thyroid gland is still working , 2 weeks later, it began to appear with subclinical hypothyroidism.
In fact, the thyroid iodine intake for the strict control mechanisms to prevent damage caused by iodine on the human body. At home and abroad in recent years, studies have confirmed that thyroid cells for the uptake of iodine by the sodium - iodine transport body (NIS) control, NIS is a glycosylated membrane protein, in the body is the role of porters is mainly responsible for running from the blood to the thyroid cells send iodine, so that the intracellular iodine concentration 20-40 times higher than outside the cell, when the body of excessive iodine intake, the body will inhibit NIS generated, thus reducing the uptake of iodine.
In addition, the physiological function of the thyroid gland by the brain and thyroid gland while the dual regulation, the brain through the hypothalamic-pituitary secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone to regulate thyroid activity and thyroid Youxiang feedback from the brain's own needs, this mechanism guarantees a certain extent, the body under the physiological needs iodine intake.
Since the body has a self-adjustment function, then the excess of iodine is caused by thyroid gland injury how does?
Although iodine excess does not make the body content of iodine doubled, but if the iodine status persists, in order to protect the body from injury, sodium - iodine transport body (NIS) will continue at a low level, a large number of iodine can not be used, eventually ruled out as urine. Over time, reduced iodine content in thyroid tissue, and thyroid hormones have also been reduced. At this time, in order to maintain the normal operation of thyroid gland, the body also increases the content of NIS to increase the supply of iodine. As a result, the body in self-regulation and inhibition of iodine fiddle around with, eventually an exception occurs, causing thyroid damage, causing goiter and other adverse reactions.
The complications of high doses
Lack of Han Chinese people know how to Chisha, Chisha fill Han, so a large-scale iodine supplement policy after the year 2000, iodine-deficiency diseases are the basic control.
May be surprising is that the emergence of iodine deficiency has been a series of iodine complications. Is it related to consumption of iodized salt level? Now there is no conclusion, but the medical profession generally believe that iodine supplementation does cause some side effects, for long-term iodine deficiency in thyroid cells, the sudden iodine, is not a savior, but a killer.
As early as 1983, scholars, Many MC was found in animal experiments, once the excess iodine being oxidized, organic-based, you may have on the toxicity of iodine deficiency in thyroid cells. 2003, Tianjin Medical University, Luo Yuyu master a set of animal experiments, on the implementation of iodine deficiency in mice 5 times to 50 times the physiological reagents of iodine intake results show that iodine deficiency has been for some time for the mice who If the enlargement of the thyroid gland suddenly exposed to high doses of iodine in front, may induce thyroid follicular epithelial cell necrosis.
Compared with mice, who naturally have a stronger ability to adapt to the environment, people in long-term iodine deficiency, the thyroid tissue "will be from outside the military command," the formation of functional autonomy of thyroid nodules, is no longer obey the orders of the brain , and according to manufacture as much as possible reserves of iodine thyroid hormone. This time, the sudden nature of iodine, the body will be health too much thyroid hormone. This symptom in medicine become "iodine hyperthyroidism (IIH)", is the most common complication of an iodine supplementation. In addition, there are the more common autoimmune thyroid disease.
Internationally recognized research shows iodine, iodine intake and thyroid disease, the relationship into a U-shaped relationship between the iodine intake is too high and too low will lead to an increase in thyroid diseases. WHO believes that population levels of urinary iodine 100 to 200 micrograms of iodine per liter is the most appropriate state, in this state, iodine deficiency disease and iodine is the lowest incidence of diseases, while more than 300 micrograms per liter were considered to be excessive iodine intake. 150 micrograms / daily intake was considered more appropriate.
To do a lot more than just good, right, everyone is a quite difficult challenge, after all, eat and drink can not be moved from the restaurant lab bar to holding a graduated cylinder cup.
Iodized salt, who needs? How much to eat?
Southern Weekly reporter is a single Chongshan order
From ten years ago, universal love of iodine, and today there are individuals who stand up and refuse to iodized salt, it is to treat these daily intake of iodine in micrograms per meter elements, from one extreme to another extreme. To find out who should not eat iodized salt, this is a complex issue.
A non-iodine-deficient area residents need not consume iodized salt. A number of areas such as in Shandong Heze Prefecture, part of iodine areas, has been abolished mandatory iodine; there eating seafood-based fishermen, it has been calculated daily intake of more than 750 grams of marine fish populations, they do not need to iodine supplementation of.
Two patients with hyperthyroidism without consumption of iodized salt, because iodine will increase the synthesis of thyroid hormones, exacerbating illness.
3 thyroiditis (Hashimoto's Disease) patients not to consume iodized salt, iodine supplementation may increase the inflammatory symptoms.
Four patients with thyroid tumors, thyroid cancer and on the relationship between the level of iodine nutrition, the current medical research is not clear. Therefore, in patients with thyroid cancer in a matter of consumption of iodized salt in more cautiously in light condition, follow doctor's orders was supreme.
Five patients with hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism), the need for such groups make up points, there are also controversial, as a causal factor in hypothyroidism are diverse and can not be generalized.
6 other thyroid disorders, usually believed that only goiter patients need iodine, but in fact can be induced by iodine deficiency and iodine excess thyroid disease, so it is still necessary to integrate the illness and their iodine nutrition status, under the guidance of a doctor to do out of choice.
7 with thyroid disease, pregnant and lactating women, this is a difficult question, iodine nutrition level and the level of intellectual development of infants and young children closely related to the need to comply with doctor's orders with the individual circumstances, or take a separate pairs of breast-feeding infants and young children method of iodine supplementation . (Surveyed institutions: Guangdong CDC)
Thyroid disease-prone coastal areas, raised questions of excessive iodine
From the long sea journey to the stomach
The South are 10 text magazine reporter Xu Zheng Xuan Shan Chongshan intern Xuwen in Guangdong, Jiangmen, Guangzhou reports
July 23, Dashu. Newly Typhoon "Soudelor", "Mola Fei" in a month has hit the Guangdong coast, daylight, such as Sunburn, water Hao-miao. In China's southernmost tip, is surrounded by the sea state Xuwen fisheries, people have been in the sun tan cheeks hurt, everywhere-hyun white, but the sea solar salt industry, the sun is the best friend.
"It's a typhoon a few years a particularly large number," I make working the salt Xuwen told reporters: "a rain, we could not do anything." Plan issued in Guangdong province, the Xuwen fisheries to produce 47.87 thousand tons this year, sea salt, if the year are the sunny days, where the average daily output should exceed 130 tonnes. In Tianjin and other places, and some sea salt market is huge annual output of 1 million.
Salt from sea water to the raw materials, where the production takes about 20 days. Year after year, in the Pearl River Delta wings, salt crystal from the vastness of the Blue Wave was precipitated, along the coast and taking the first step toward the city.
In China, the offshore water was introduced into China nearly 250 fixed-point sea salt field, there are a number of collective or Private Salt field, the sun filtering through the different processes has been sent to barge or wagon. These raw materials and the inland salt lake salt, rock salt has been transported to processing sites along with most of iodization, and some outside the system directly into the Private Salt - Chinese annual consumption of about 9 million tons of iodized or not iodized salt, table salt a variety of sources and paths right and wrong on this staggered into our stomach, while weaving a vast network of salt industries and processing chain.
Now, let us start from the sea, watching their journey.
Born due to drying
In Xuwen, there are still ancient "fried salt" of the ruins, as early as the Tang dynasty, where the direct use of sea salt workers boiled salt. Until the press interview, as a sentinel of salt production enterprises in Mainland China, one of 97, where salt Xuwen colorful old Soviet-style buildings, as well as the sixties of the last century the slogan, while the Salt Bureau, the salt is a franchise history of the mainland of China one of the longest.
Modern Chinese people eat salt, from sea salt, mineral salt and lake salt, and their different production process, which leads between them looks a bit different - Salt, Guangdong Province, according to a description of technical staff, sea salt looked nothing like the rock salt so white, and salt water are more of a jin Shaizhi salt transported to processing plants, may be only eighty or ninety pounds weight.
July 23 morning, Xuwen salt salt inside a transport truck to the warehouse fled, leaving behind a wet water mark along the way can still see the ground fall out of transport of Yan Hua. This is the beginning of "Harvest" of the coarse salt crystal from the crystal pool, which is salt Shaizhi process in the last one - water from distant areas of high slope, after a ten-level salt ponds, drying for different levels of brine, the ultimate collection of the Here, the salinity has gradually risen from 2 degrees 25 degrees to 28 degrees, which is the most suitable salinity collected.
A number of ten mu of the size of drying salt ponds, from the local Xuwen Blackstone and wooden floor puzzle is made in order to repair pool tiles. Light yellow crystalline salt, quietly settling in the final crystallization of a bottom, waiting for the salt workers or machines to collect. Salt from seawater to be received by the way, but also to remove impurities such as heavy metals, takes about 20 days and the weather will decide whether to even longer time, or how long, so salt has its own weather station at any time pay attention to weather will From the Qing Zhuanyin.
Summer the heat of the sun takes off, the two journalists came to Xuwen salt, the salt-workers have concluded its work and return to their place of residence "to eat breakfast." However, the days of quiet, and will not last long: when rain is approaching, salt would be echoed years served as a warning bell, more than 300 salt-union immediately from their residence to the salt build-up, rapidly covered with the film in various drying salt ponds, as far as possible to protect different slope grade salt ponds, the scene is very spectacular.
However, not every "rescue" was so timely - the sudden arrival of wind and rain will pollute the drying salt ponds, and to sea water, brine concentration of confused, so that solar salt production processes undo all our efforts. Even if the salt ponds to protect live, continuous rainy weather, the solar salt production processes will also be extended indefinitely. "It's three years, I do not know why unusually many typhoons, we completed the production plan of the difficulty a lot more." I told reporters working the right.
Salt workers daily working hours are generally from 4:00 to 8 am, and at that stage of sunshine and temperature best suited to close salt. Living for generations to solar salt, salt, dark-workers rake and other tools used to collect the salt piles, and then sent to transport salt to the warehouse of the truck. In contrast, in north China's Tianjin and other places, due to less rain, salt pond area is also very large, large-scale mechanized operations can be implemented, a number of annual output to reach millions of tons of salt is huge.
In the 1980s, salt workers was a beautiful marriage of girls eager to object, because they are high income and stable. Today, those who stay away from developed areas in Guangdong coastal salt, most of the difficulties facing the state-owned industrial and mining enterprises: enterprise-run burden on society, the local tax revenue and assessed, as well as the employment pressure and so on.
Trek
Coastal areas in Guangdong, there are hundreds of private or collective sea salt factory, they are generally higher than the overall size of state-owned salt is small, looks like a phalanx of a household responsibility system. Xuwen salt in the surrounding salt smuggling field, a pair of middle-aged couple told reporters that they have 23 acres of private salt ponds, drying good for people to come buy, the annual income of about 1-20000.
Private Salt and common salt, from the naked eye can not see difference, in the sun is shining white, and a plastic sheeting covered with piles placed in the Private Salt Tanabe. For the Private Salt field is, they do not consider the need for iodized matter, nor the need to consider transport, prices, and therefore, occupied the Xuwen local market, so, how to promote the national salt produced iodized salt has become a Salt department of local difficulty.
Data show that in 2008 in Guangdong Province of iodized salt coverage of qualified iodized salt consumption rates were 93.13% and 90.05%, respectively, compared with 2007 increased 4.60 and 4.81 percentage points. "However, the source of non-iodized salt in small coastal salt problem is still not completely resolved, and the Pearl River Delta still has non-iodized salt and iodized salt fake write-off."
For the state-owned Guangdong salt, they produce the raw material salt will be transported to Jiangmen, Shantou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other parts of the machining center, Tim iodine and other processes. Xuwen fisheries in the port, sea salt bags of raw material being sent to the barge, then transported to the bulk transport ship. In the Salt Pier, I make working told reporters that the process of water transport, freight up to seventy to eighty yuan a ton.
Environment and the weather has been changing, Guangdong coastal salt production conditions for decades, are also being worse. As the seawater salinity in the lower salt Shaizhi now takes longer, and those who produce the raw materials Xuwen salt, in addition to travel a long way processing point, but also the raw material with other salts meet: because of high humidity it was too big Mainland China must be shipped in dry mineral salt mixture is required for iodization and other processing.
This means that, in the Guangdong region, urban people often eat the iodized salt, sea and wells from the mixture of mineral salt. Of raw materials in China, salt production, salt, mineral salt, and lake salt each 65%, 28%, 7%, the coastal provinces of the sale of salt, a lot is not a local "original ecology" of salt products.
A number of salt workers, told reporters not far from the salt Xuwen, Guangdong Electric white salt will have to be sold, its employees have had to worry about the future livelihood. The production of two major sub-sea salt-producing areas north and south, while the southern growing areas are mostly smaller, more rain in China's Salt Industry Corporation's plan, the number of state-owned Guangdong salt, will face consolidation, or even shutting down the way out .
Traditional Chinese salt industry is also facing pressure to upgrade industrial technology. In Xuwen salt, the remaining brine Shaizhi completed, that is, salt liquor, contains large amounts of soluble salts of liquid, most have not been integrated chemical use, on the one hand resulted in waste of resources, it also polluted the salt the environment, compared to, for protection of resources, China Taiwan, Japan and South Korea and other East Asian developed regions, the salt industry had almost disappeared.
Mandatory iodization
When the salt Xuwen transported to the Jiangmen, Guangdong, one of the fixed-point processing center, which, from the salt mines elsewhere in China who, together with access to iodized salt Guangdong, the most important programs: iodized. In Guangdong, the output of all the salt is probably more than 100,000 tons, the annual salt consumption of about 80 million tons, so not only sea salt in order to reconcile the humidity, Guangdong also needed from Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei and other places "imported" from the Mainland mineral raw materials .
After all, there Xuwen salt iodization equipment, but because aging old, has been demolished two weeks ago. The morning of July 24, Jiangmen processing of iodized area rumbling of iodization machines in continuous operation. Raw materials in a sealed tunnel of salt has been sprayed iodine - looks a Road white iodine is injected into the raw salt, and then sent to the mixing tank where, in some maneuvers over the full mixing into the points after the loading area, the whole process of no more than two minutes.
Artificial iodization is the man against iodine deficiency the most widely used means of application. Each individual needs, the number of iodine may be identical in principle, Jiangmen technical staff, told reporters that the iodization process, the most taboo is iodized uneven. As a result, a standard range of countries to control the amount of iodized generally 1kg salt should contain 20 to 50mg iodine, which is common in most parts of the country standards.
Nature of iodine deficiency, iodine spray can not rely on a two-minute to resolve. Iodine deficiency can be traced back as early as the Ice Age, while most of the world of environmental iodine deficiency, flooding, desertification and rain erosion, resulting in some areas of iodine in the soil, together with the soil being washed away, and more emphasis on the iodine deficiency situation. Although iodine has a circulation in nature, but according to calculations by rain into the soil iodine supplement to the original level, takes about one to two years really that long.
In Jiangmen, the raw materials into finished products of salt iodization of salt to ship before the planned workshop there will be random checks iodized situation, and salt and supervision departments will also be the local random checks from time to time. The last ten years, mandatory iodine is China's basic policy of public health. However, different degrees of iodine deficiency in different provinces, even as Fujian and Hebei provinces have been listed as iodine areas, the need to promote non-iodized salt. Guangdong is the first implementation of salt iodization in the country one of the provinces, 70 of the last century, began iodization, based on these studies, Guangdong has 54 districts with severe iodine deficiency, mostly mountainous, while the Pearl River Delta and other coastal areas , then the majority of mild iodine deficiency.
In order to monitor the effectiveness of iodine supplementation, Guangdong local disease prevention and control institutions every month the collection, testing, compilation, analysis of iodized salt monitoring data, these results will be submitted to the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and then are submitted to the Ministry of Health to eliminate Iodine Deficiency Disorders technical guidance center of international cooperation projects, as well as salt authorities. However, in recent years, many health agencies around the iodine status should be based on more precise adjustment of iodine standards, which for the salt company, health sector, is a major challenge.
Diversified franchise
Refined salt in the fixed-point machining center package after the distribution will be the surrounding areas, from the salt company's commitment to the wholesale and finally flows into the salt company's own or other sales channels, in tuck shops in supermarkets, or embark on people's tables and into our of the stomach.
In Guangdong and even the country, salt from production to sales, largely by the Salt Company specializes in: "As regard to the safety of salt, but also iodization, but also taking into account the different levels in different regions, it is necessary to implement the state-owned monopolies, by the Salt the fight against private, to ensure that the iodine implementation of policies. "Salt, Guangdong Province, Qi-Ming Feng, deputy director of the publicity department of the reporter explained.
In the Salt Monopoly management functions such as 8, the salt production license issuance and preparation of the annual plan are two key factors, while raw materials prices of salt and refined salt by the countries to develop. In the Guangzhou market, 500 grams of iodized salt price is 1.3 yuan, while in Xuwen salt, crude salt per ton of raw materials the factory price of 360 yuan.
After the Spring Festival this year, Guangdong has appeared in many places the salt off the shelf reports, later proved to be the company to replace the sale of salt, salt packaging initiatives. In January after the developed cities in Guangdong, particularly in supermarkets, different packaging non-iodized salt, plus sodium, zinc, iron, calcium-fortified salt in the shelves, prices vary, to change the past of iodized salt unify the legitimate sales channels situation.
Product diversification, and diversification is a salt company in recent years, new ways to increase income.
According to introduction, in the Pearl River Delta, relying on a market economy reforms are being implemented in salt readiness to stay. The processing in Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, salt companies are preparing to centralized distribution points set at Jiangmen, pool resources and reduce costs. Meanwhile, in order to develop revenue sources, road salt to go diversified, for example, in Guangzhou, two large water treatment center, are a product of the strategy.
The South are 10 text magazine reporter Xu Zheng Xuan Shan Chongshan intern Xuwen in Guangdong, Jiangmen, Guangzhou reports
July 23, Dashu. Newly Typhoon "Soudelor", "Mola Fei" in a month has hit the Guangdong coast, daylight, such as Sunburn, water Hao-miao. In China's southernmost tip, is surrounded by the sea state Xuwen fisheries, people have been in the sun tan cheeks hurt, everywhere-hyun white, but the sea solar salt industry, the sun is the best friend.
"It's a typhoon a few years a particularly large number," I make working the salt Xuwen told reporters: "a rain, we could not do anything." Plan issued in Guangdong province, the Xuwen fisheries to produce 47.87 thousand tons this year, sea salt, if the year are the sunny days, where the average daily output should exceed 130 tonnes. In Tianjin and other places, and some sea salt market is huge annual output of 1 million.
Salt from sea water to the raw materials, where the production takes about 20 days. Year after year, in the Pearl River Delta wings, salt crystal from the vastness of the Blue Wave was precipitated, along the coast and taking the first step toward the city.
In China, the offshore water was introduced into China nearly 250 fixed-point sea salt field, there are a number of collective or Private Salt field, the sun filtering through the different processes has been sent to barge or wagon. These raw materials and the inland salt lake salt, rock salt has been transported to processing sites along with most of iodization, and some outside the system directly into the Private Salt - Chinese annual consumption of about 9 million tons of iodized or not iodized salt, table salt a variety of sources and paths right and wrong on this staggered into our stomach, while weaving a vast network of salt industries and processing chain.
Now, let us start from the sea, watching their journey.
Born due to drying
In Xuwen, there are still ancient "fried salt" of the ruins, as early as the Tang dynasty, where the direct use of sea salt workers boiled salt. Until the press interview, as a sentinel of salt production enterprises in Mainland China, one of 97, where salt Xuwen colorful old Soviet-style buildings, as well as the sixties of the last century the slogan, while the Salt Bureau, the salt is a franchise history of the mainland of China one of the longest.
Modern Chinese people eat salt, from sea salt, mineral salt and lake salt, and their different production process, which leads between them looks a bit different - Salt, Guangdong Province, according to a description of technical staff, sea salt looked nothing like the rock salt so white, and salt water are more of a jin Shaizhi salt transported to processing plants, may be only eighty or ninety pounds weight.
July 23 morning, Xuwen salt salt inside a transport truck to the warehouse fled, leaving behind a wet water mark along the way can still see the ground fall out of transport of Yan Hua. This is the beginning of "Harvest" of the coarse salt crystal from the crystal pool, which is salt Shaizhi process in the last one - water from distant areas of high slope, after a ten-level salt ponds, drying for different levels of brine, the ultimate collection of the Here, the salinity has gradually risen from 2 degrees 25 degrees to 28 degrees, which is the most suitable salinity collected.
A number of ten mu of the size of drying salt ponds, from the local Xuwen Blackstone and wooden floor puzzle is made in order to repair pool tiles. Light yellow crystalline salt, quietly settling in the final crystallization of a bottom, waiting for the salt workers or machines to collect. Salt from seawater to be received by the way, but also to remove impurities such as heavy metals, takes about 20 days and the weather will decide whether to even longer time, or how long, so salt has its own weather station at any time pay attention to weather will From the Qing Zhuanyin.
Summer the heat of the sun takes off, the two journalists came to Xuwen salt, the salt-workers have concluded its work and return to their place of residence "to eat breakfast." However, the days of quiet, and will not last long: when rain is approaching, salt would be echoed years served as a warning bell, more than 300 salt-union immediately from their residence to the salt build-up, rapidly covered with the film in various drying salt ponds, as far as possible to protect different slope grade salt ponds, the scene is very spectacular.
However, not every "rescue" was so timely - the sudden arrival of wind and rain will pollute the drying salt ponds, and to sea water, brine concentration of confused, so that solar salt production processes undo all our efforts. Even if the salt ponds to protect live, continuous rainy weather, the solar salt production processes will also be extended indefinitely. "It's three years, I do not know why unusually many typhoons, we completed the production plan of the difficulty a lot more." I told reporters working the right.
Salt workers daily working hours are generally from 4:00 to 8 am, and at that stage of sunshine and temperature best suited to close salt. Living for generations to solar salt, salt, dark-workers rake and other tools used to collect the salt piles, and then sent to transport salt to the warehouse of the truck. In contrast, in north China's Tianjin and other places, due to less rain, salt pond area is also very large, large-scale mechanized operations can be implemented, a number of annual output to reach millions of tons of salt is huge.
In the 1980s, salt workers was a beautiful marriage of girls eager to object, because they are high income and stable. Today, those who stay away from developed areas in Guangdong coastal salt, most of the difficulties facing the state-owned industrial and mining enterprises: enterprise-run burden on society, the local tax revenue and assessed, as well as the employment pressure and so on.
Trek
Coastal areas in Guangdong, there are hundreds of private or collective sea salt factory, they are generally higher than the overall size of state-owned salt is small, looks like a phalanx of a household responsibility system. Xuwen salt in the surrounding salt smuggling field, a pair of middle-aged couple told reporters that they have 23 acres of private salt ponds, drying good for people to come buy, the annual income of about 1-20000.
Private Salt and common salt, from the naked eye can not see difference, in the sun is shining white, and a plastic sheeting covered with piles placed in the Private Salt Tanabe. For the Private Salt field is, they do not consider the need for iodized matter, nor the need to consider transport, prices, and therefore, occupied the Xuwen local market, so, how to promote the national salt produced iodized salt has become a Salt department of local difficulty.
Data show that in 2008 in Guangdong Province of iodized salt coverage of qualified iodized salt consumption rates were 93.13% and 90.05%, respectively, compared with 2007 increased 4.60 and 4.81 percentage points. "However, the source of non-iodized salt in small coastal salt problem is still not completely resolved, and the Pearl River Delta still has non-iodized salt and iodized salt fake write-off."
For the state-owned Guangdong salt, they produce the raw material salt will be transported to Jiangmen, Shantou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other parts of the machining center, Tim iodine and other processes. Xuwen fisheries in the port, sea salt bags of raw material being sent to the barge, then transported to the bulk transport ship. In the Salt Pier, I make working told reporters that the process of water transport, freight up to seventy to eighty yuan a ton.
Environment and the weather has been changing, Guangdong coastal salt production conditions for decades, are also being worse. As the seawater salinity in the lower salt Shaizhi now takes longer, and those who produce the raw materials Xuwen salt, in addition to travel a long way processing point, but also the raw material with other salts meet: because of high humidity it was too big Mainland China must be shipped in dry mineral salt mixture is required for iodization and other processing.
This means that, in the Guangdong region, urban people often eat the iodized salt, sea and wells from the mixture of mineral salt. Of raw materials in China, salt production, salt, mineral salt, and lake salt each 65%, 28%, 7%, the coastal provinces of the sale of salt, a lot is not a local "original ecology" of salt products.
A number of salt workers, told reporters not far from the salt Xuwen, Guangdong Electric white salt will have to be sold, its employees have had to worry about the future livelihood. The production of two major sub-sea salt-producing areas north and south, while the southern growing areas are mostly smaller, more rain in China's Salt Industry Corporation's plan, the number of state-owned Guangdong salt, will face consolidation, or even shutting down the way out .
Traditional Chinese salt industry is also facing pressure to upgrade industrial technology. In Xuwen salt, the remaining brine Shaizhi completed, that is, salt liquor, contains large amounts of soluble salts of liquid, most have not been integrated chemical use, on the one hand resulted in waste of resources, it also polluted the salt the environment, compared to, for protection of resources, China Taiwan, Japan and South Korea and other East Asian developed regions, the salt industry had almost disappeared.
Mandatory iodization
When the salt Xuwen transported to the Jiangmen, Guangdong, one of the fixed-point processing center, which, from the salt mines elsewhere in China who, together with access to iodized salt Guangdong, the most important programs: iodized. In Guangdong, the output of all the salt is probably more than 100,000 tons, the annual salt consumption of about 80 million tons, so not only sea salt in order to reconcile the humidity, Guangdong also needed from Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei and other places "imported" from the Mainland mineral raw materials .
After all, there Xuwen salt iodization equipment, but because aging old, has been demolished two weeks ago. The morning of July 24, Jiangmen processing of iodized area rumbling of iodization machines in continuous operation. Raw materials in a sealed tunnel of salt has been sprayed iodine - looks a Road white iodine is injected into the raw salt, and then sent to the mixing tank where, in some maneuvers over the full mixing into the points after the loading area, the whole process of no more than two minutes.
Artificial iodization is the man against iodine deficiency the most widely used means of application. Each individual needs, the number of iodine may be identical in principle, Jiangmen technical staff, told reporters that the iodization process, the most taboo is iodized uneven. As a result, a standard range of countries to control the amount of iodized generally 1kg salt should contain 20 to 50mg iodine, which is common in most parts of the country standards.
Nature of iodine deficiency, iodine spray can not rely on a two-minute to resolve. Iodine deficiency can be traced back as early as the Ice Age, while most of the world of environmental iodine deficiency, flooding, desertification and rain erosion, resulting in some areas of iodine in the soil, together with the soil being washed away, and more emphasis on the iodine deficiency situation. Although iodine has a circulation in nature, but according to calculations by rain into the soil iodine supplement to the original level, takes about one to two years really that long.
In Jiangmen, the raw materials into finished products of salt iodization of salt to ship before the planned workshop there will be random checks iodized situation, and salt and supervision departments will also be the local random checks from time to time. The last ten years, mandatory iodine is China's basic policy of public health. However, different degrees of iodine deficiency in different provinces, even as Fujian and Hebei provinces have been listed as iodine areas, the need to promote non-iodized salt. Guangdong is the first implementation of salt iodization in the country one of the provinces, 70 of the last century, began iodization, based on these studies, Guangdong has 54 districts with severe iodine deficiency, mostly mountainous, while the Pearl River Delta and other coastal areas , then the majority of mild iodine deficiency.
In order to monitor the effectiveness of iodine supplementation, Guangdong local disease prevention and control institutions every month the collection, testing, compilation, analysis of iodized salt monitoring data, these results will be submitted to the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and then are submitted to the Ministry of Health to eliminate Iodine Deficiency Disorders technical guidance center of international cooperation projects, as well as salt authorities. However, in recent years, many health agencies around the iodine status should be based on more precise adjustment of iodine standards, which for the salt company, health sector, is a major challenge.
Diversified franchise
Refined salt in the fixed-point machining center package after the distribution will be the surrounding areas, from the salt company's commitment to the wholesale and finally flows into the salt company's own or other sales channels, in tuck shops in supermarkets, or embark on people's tables and into our of the stomach.
In Guangdong and even the country, salt from production to sales, largely by the Salt Company specializes in: "As regard to the safety of salt, but also iodization, but also taking into account the different levels in different regions, it is necessary to implement the state-owned monopolies, by the Salt the fight against private, to ensure that the iodine implementation of policies. "Salt, Guangdong Province, Qi-Ming Feng, deputy director of the publicity department of the reporter explained.
In the Salt Monopoly management functions such as 8, the salt production license issuance and preparation of the annual plan are two key factors, while raw materials prices of salt and refined salt by the countries to develop. In the Guangzhou market, 500 grams of iodized salt price is 1.3 yuan, while in Xuwen salt, crude salt per ton of raw materials the factory price of 360 yuan.
After the Spring Festival this year, Guangdong has appeared in many places the salt off the shelf reports, later proved to be the company to replace the sale of salt, salt packaging initiatives. In January after the developed cities in Guangdong, particularly in supermarkets, different packaging non-iodized salt, plus sodium, zinc, iron, calcium-fortified salt in the shelves, prices vary, to change the past of iodized salt unify the legitimate sales channels situation.
Product diversification, and diversification is a salt company in recent years, new ways to increase income.
According to introduction, in the Pearl River Delta, relying on a market economy reforms are being implemented in salt readiness to stay. The processing in Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, salt companies are preparing to centralized distribution points set at Jiangmen, pool resources and reduce costs. Meanwhile, in order to develop revenue sources, road salt to go diversified, for example, in Guangzhou, two large water treatment center, are a product of the strategy.
Thyroid disease-prone coastal areas, raised questions of excessive iodine
Fatal catalyst?
In order to find a reliable doctor operated on his wife, Choi Gong-ho at the major hospitals, four inquiries, finally found a Wang Ping.
Wang is the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine director of surgery doctors for many years been engaged in surgical removal of thyroid hyperplasia.
Zhejiang Province's "Iodine Love" has long attracted his attention. In recent years, he received thyroid sections where patients increased significantly. From 2005 to 2008, he personally handled the implementation of operations for more than 550 cases every year and this year was to break through the 600 cases, of which the proportion of thyroid cancer from 2005 to 10% gradually increased to 2008 23.15%.
Thyroid is the body's largest endocrine glands, located under the thyroid cartilage in the trachea close to the third and fourth cartilage rings in front. Inorganic iodine compounds in food through the gastrointestinal tract Xishouruxue cycle, the rapid enrichment of thyroid uptake. Iodide into the cells, through the role of oxidative enzymes, resulting in activity of iodine, combined with other materials to form thyroxine, and then secreted to the blood circulation.
If there is no involvement of iodine, thyroid hormone can not be a normal secretion, the body's endocrine system, reproductive system and digestive system running will be affected.
"Like a factory, iodine is a catalyst in the production process, without it, production will not carry on." Choi Gong-ho said, "but if too much catalyst, the same physiological response would interfere with the original, the result is just as bad."
In 2007, ZHANG Yong-kui in Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Department Fund's support, led a research group carried out a level of iodine nutrition in Zhoushan epidemiological investigation, the report released in April of this year. ZHANG Yong-kui In an interview with "South Du Weekly" interview, said: "We are unable to answer this survey is not iodized salt has led to the occurrence of thyroid disease, but the Zhoushan who did excessive iodine nutrition, and thyroid disease is on the rise every year."
For several months of investigation, they were urban residents in 1389 were B-ultrasonography and urine iodine test. The results showed that urban residents in Zhoushan Island median urinary iodine is 320 mg / l, 8-10-year-old children, 259 μg / l, urinary iodine value greater than the WHO designated 200 μg / l security line of people accounted for 77% of the object under investigation.
Sometimes, the hospital diagnosed 10 a day or even several dozens goiter, thyroid tumor patients and then measured the patient's urine iodine content, let Zhoushan City People's Hospital Medical surprise, almost all patients with iodine excess, while the patients changed to eat non - salt A few days later, the majority of patients with urinary iodine levels decreased significantly.
ZHANG Yong-kui can often come into contact with to make his shocking case. "Once a young female teacher, her mother just last year because of thyroid cancer received surgery to remove her also identified shortly after goiter resulted in the fine asked, her family have five individuals suffering from this diseases. "
"I treated thyroid cancer patients, the smallest is only 9 years old." Wang told reporters.
Universal side effect of iodine supplementation
Across the country, especially coastal areas, salt iodization policy has been more and more seriously questioned. Tianjin, Shenyang, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Fuzhou and other cities, every year a large number of medical survey shows dramatic increase in thyroid disease is, while the iodine excess is considered an important factor, many of which results were published in the "Chinese Journal of Endocrinology Metabolism", "Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, "and other authoritative medical journals.
Center for Disease Control in Guangdong Province in epidemiological investigation of thyroid disease for many years Zhong, many times over the past decade to conduct the investigation. As early as in 2001, he feels part of Guangdong province have high levels of urinary iodine population trends, the need to cut the amount of salt iodization in Guangdong in the 20-30 ug / g. After a few years, he also issued a number of conclusions, pointing out that in some areas related to breast milk iodine and iodized salt is too high, we should attach importance to a side effect of universal salt iodization policy.
In 2003, the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and the Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control conducted a joint study, choose the 1996 consumption of iodized salt and Zhangjiang Wuchuan County, Huang Po Zhen iodized salt had not been implemented step Zhanjiang Xuwen County Point of Inquiry established by Thomas Chan to investigate respectively 70000 and 50000.
The results showed that iodine eight years later, Huang Po Zhen average annual incidence of hyperthyroidism has more than doubled, no iodine in Mai Mr Chan has not changed much. Zhong explained that this increased incidence is one-off nature - an increase and then declined.
With mild iodine deficiency area in the Shanghai survey also shows that: the incidence of hyperthyroidism after two years from the iodization of about 2-fold increase. The implementation of iodized salt in the prevention and treatment for many years after the old ward in the universal salt iodization, iodine hyperthyroidism did not increase, indicating the crowd has been adapted to the gradual increase in iodine intake, while the implementation of iodized salt has just taken place in prevention and treatment of new ward Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism epidemic. "
"In the iodine-deficient environment, the body will automatically adjust, such as increased thyroid volume, in order to produce enough thyroid hormones, but sudden adequate iodine intake, and the human organism has to go through a period of time to transition into a normal state. , "Zhong said.
Let Zhong unexpectedly, Xuwen in Guangdong, because of the traditional salt production, people ate mostly salt smuggling, according to CDC, Guangdong Province, the local organization's urine iodine test showed that the region with mild iodine deficiency area , the need for appropriate iodine concentration (25 ± 5) μg / g.
"At least in Guangdong, all the people go on iodine supplementation should be carried out." Zhong said, "People generally believe that coastal dwellers eat more seafood, from food to get enough iodine, but in fact not the case. Kehai per 1,000 fish about 200 micrograms of iodine a day to eat at least 750 grams in order to ensure the body's normal need to iodine, this appetite for the vast majority of people can not do. So that eating seafood is not to say iodine deficiency is not correct. "
Fifteen years of iodine supplementation
CUI Gong-hao was also a staunch supporter of salt iodization policy.
The last century, 80 years, he has worked with more than a dozen doctors in the composition of a team, rushed to the census of mountain Linan iodine deficiency disorders. Where they spent ten to twenty days, almost all the elderly population census again, thyroid disease rate of about 50% or so, most of which are caused by iodine deficiency.
China is the world's iodine was once one of the countries most seriously, there are more than 700 million population of iodine deficiency, iodine deficiency patients have been accounted for in the world group of 40%.
In 1993 the State Department hosted a "mobilization meeting on the Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders", adopted a national program to combat iodine deficiency disorders outline, decided to promote universal salt iodization to eliminate iodine deficiency prevention and treatment strategies.
Officially promulgated in 1994, the State, "iodized salt to eliminate iodine deficiency hazard management regulations", the iodization of salt as a fixed policy. To 1995, except Tibet, the country implemented a consumption of iodized salt.
However, in the control of iodine deficiency disorders the same time, iodized salt may cause harm, and not paid attention to. For a long period of time, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, Shandong and Henan provinces were also eight iodine mandatory iodized salt.
1 Zhejiang CDC's experts, "regulations" are actually already clearly stated: do not consume iodized salt, iodine areas, but this policy is not implemented well, many parts of the salt company in pursuit of higher profits, all Sales iodized salt. "2008 National Iodized Salt Monitoring Report" display: Many areas are still in the consumption of iodized salt iodine, in which Beijing and Fujian rate of non-iodized salt is only 25% and 22.67%.
In 2005, "China Daily" in a report Exposure: Shangqiu City, Henan Province, the Ministry of Health goalkeeper as iodine areas, requesting a salt sector "to stop the supply of iodized salt," salt company has not been ignored. In the Chinese provinces, Salt Monopoly with the goal of assessment linked to the promotion of iodized salt. Salt to implement franchise policy, Salt Company is the business and a salt management, the executive branch.
On the other hand, the departments concerned residents to monitor the level of iodine nutrition is not in place. Zhejiang iodine nutrition status survey project manager Lou Xiaoming, at present a lack of Zhejiang Province prior to 2000 CDC data. While the national level, until the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders in 2008 is just the implementation of monitoring programs.
Until 2008, Choi Gong-ho's wife found thyroid cancer, this time the national policy of universal salt iodization has been implemented for 14 years.
In the meantime, the international community about the concept of iodized salt has undergone major changes.
The last century 90's, the World Health Organization to vigorously promote the global elimination of iodine deficiency. For a long period of time, the organization believes that "Every day 1,000 micrograms of iodine intake on healthy adults is safe." In 2001, the World Health Organization for the first time iodine excess are defined that should not be encouraged daily iodine intake of more than 300 micrograms / l (urine iodine test).
Clearly, in order to CUI Gong-hao individuals are unable to reverse the salt iodization policy. After more than a year tracing, Choi Gong-ho had to admit, for excessive salt intake cause thyroid pathology he had not basis for. "This is not a person or a few experts will be able to complete the task, requiring a large nationwide survey."
"In the great popular movement against the background of iodine, iodine 500 million of adequate health of the population has been completely ignored." Cui said.
Difficult to describe the U-shaped
Despite the growing number of coastal residents suspected to point to excessive iodine intake, but there are still a lot of medical controversy.
Wang observed in clinical practice, come to the hospital diagnosis of thyroid disease patients, Taizhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou and other places are mostly in these areas are mainly distributed in coastal areas in Zhejiang Province. "From the region, it seems that showing a certain degree of relevance."
However, in Zhejiang Province, CDC provided to a reporter's investigation report was completed last year, the conclusion is the opposite. The content of the report is focused on monitoring the various counties within the province for students aged 8-10 and 18-55 year-old woman's urine iodine monitoring, the range Chun'an, Qingyuan, Anji, Tongxiang, Yuhuan, and Daishan six counties. Of which the first two is on the hill counties, the middle two are vegetable processing area, a large number of non-iodized salt, the last two counties is an island county. Survey results showed: Hill county's highest median urinary iodine, which reached 268.5 Qingyuan, while the lowest salt production areas are located in Daishan and Yuhuan, respectively, 110 and 120.
Lou Xiaoming considered that as the contrast group and the lack of comprehensive survey data, at present can not say a significant increase in the incidence of thyroid. He explained that the detection rate and morbidity are two concepts of the last century when the 90's, thyroid, primarily by palpation, and the present B-device can do more than 3 millimeters in diameter nodules can be detected. He believes that the current increase in thyroid disease, largely from the increase in detection rates.
The medical profession on the whole people before and after iodine supplementation of thyroid disease, the concern of structural change, in fact, as early as 10 years ago has begun.
Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Chang 闿 Jane, who conducted a 10-year investigation. They found that the universal consumption of iodized salt, so that the lower A significantly lower morbidity rate, but the increase in the prevalence of hyperthyroidism.
In Liaoning, the former president Teng Weiping, China Medical University, led research team from 1999, conducted a three-five-year "of iodine intake on thyroid diseases affect the" project.
The team selected three areas of monitoring, including an iodine deficiency region, an adequate amount of iodine super-region and an iodine excess area. The final conclusion is: iodine nutrition status is a kind of ecological environment for human survival, man-made change the ecological environment should be very cautious in iodine intake by no means the better.
Teng Weiping far-reaching implications of the study.
In March 2001 the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress, when he was deputy to the NPC, Professor Teng Weiping lead up to 9000 words, submitted a motion, proposed to amend the universal salt iodization legislation. The motion by the State attaches great importance to the timely amendment of the salt iodization relevant national standards, reduced the minimum standards for iodine content in salt. In the same year's "Prevention of iodine deficiency disease", the State proposed the "local conditions, guidance, science and iodine," the new approach.
In 2005, the state in principle, to stop the supply of iodized salt in iodine area.
"The results came out Weiping contributed to the current consensus in the medical profession an iodine intake of too much or too little can lead to thyroid disease, generally showed a U-shaped relationship, meaning that both iodine deficiency and iodine-rich LOH, leading to thyroid disease, However, the specific role of the middle of the process is not yet clear whether the iodine intake, how much is appropriate? more than what the volume is pathogenic? the various regions, different populations of individual differences is how? "Wang said.
Transfer
Held this year during the National People's Congress of Zhejiang representatives, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Public Health, director of emergency response testing Lu Yi-yu again: "should pay attention to the problem of excessive salt iodine to prevent similar to the Sanlu milk powder as food safety incidents from happening again."
In Lu's proposals before the disease control departments in Hebei Province early this year put forward in the history of disease (large neck disease) counties (districts, cities), the "other regions, even if the write-off of non-iodized salt has on human health without obstacle. "
The long-term medical survey, the media attention in recent years and this year's National People's Congress proposal finally sparked concern.
Earlier this year, "National iodized salt monitoring brief" that the existence of iodine in some areas mixed region, it is recommended to carry out appropriate research and investigation the provinces to work right in line with the standard iodine areas designated cities and counties should be reported to the relevant departments as soon as possible be determined.
This year in May, the Ministry of Health to urgently convene a meeting, the final decision in Zhejiang, Fujian, Liaoning, Shanghai, four to start, "Iodine nutritional status of residents in coastal areas," survey, more than 20 professionals from the four provinces was subsequently the Ministry of Health disease Control Board meeting in Beijing for training.
In June, low-key start this project in Zhejiang. Be elected in the province a total of 13 survey points, including five coastal cities, five coastal villages, and another three counties as the comparison group, Lou Xiaoming is the one primarily responsible for the project. "At present, half of the site survey work has been completed, the census may end up in 10 months to complete."
Lou Xiaoming introduction, the survey raised eight-character principle, namely, "science iodine, and appropriate guidance," they would on this basis, the company that they would make appropriate salt iodized salt concentration of proposals.
"Salt iodization policy from an historical perspective, certainly not be withheld. But in people's living standards and health awareness-raising, you can let the residents, especially residents of coastal areas such as iodine to choose how iodine according to their own characteristics." F Xiaoming said that if the investigation supports the conclusion too much iodized salt, iodized salt in Zhejiang province is likely to face adjustment policy, "in the future in a supermarket to buy non-iodized salt may be listed in iodized salt may also be have different concentrations. "
For ongoing research, Choi Gong-ho by the medical profession has long heard of a friend, he saw the loose iodized salt policy space, but not sure what the result will be.
He is still a daily collection of newspaper reports on thyroid disease. Recently, he wrote a letter to the Zhejiang provincial local media, he wrote in the draft yard anxiously: "Do I need all the people consumed iodized salt, which is an important matter related to the national health, people of all ages to be salt, salt-an insecurity, it is more serious than melamine. "
The end of this article because the "scientific enough" was rejection.
CUI Gong-hao still often go out to buy non-iodized salt, bring proof of his wife's illness.
On one occasion, Choi Gong-ho in the Zhongshan Road to buy non-iodized salt for salt, next to a young man to buy salt, Minato came over and asked him why he bought non-iodized salt.
"My wife just had surgery for thyroid cancer," Cui Gong-ho told him.
"I just do the surgery." Lad lifted his T-shirt, from the chest through the neck, there is a shocking scars. ( "City Express" reporter Jin Lipi also contribute to this article)
In order to find a reliable doctor operated on his wife, Choi Gong-ho at the major hospitals, four inquiries, finally found a Wang Ping.
Wang is the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine director of surgery doctors for many years been engaged in surgical removal of thyroid hyperplasia.
Zhejiang Province's "Iodine Love" has long attracted his attention. In recent years, he received thyroid sections where patients increased significantly. From 2005 to 2008, he personally handled the implementation of operations for more than 550 cases every year and this year was to break through the 600 cases, of which the proportion of thyroid cancer from 2005 to 10% gradually increased to 2008 23.15%.
Thyroid is the body's largest endocrine glands, located under the thyroid cartilage in the trachea close to the third and fourth cartilage rings in front. Inorganic iodine compounds in food through the gastrointestinal tract Xishouruxue cycle, the rapid enrichment of thyroid uptake. Iodide into the cells, through the role of oxidative enzymes, resulting in activity of iodine, combined with other materials to form thyroxine, and then secreted to the blood circulation.
If there is no involvement of iodine, thyroid hormone can not be a normal secretion, the body's endocrine system, reproductive system and digestive system running will be affected.
"Like a factory, iodine is a catalyst in the production process, without it, production will not carry on." Choi Gong-ho said, "but if too much catalyst, the same physiological response would interfere with the original, the result is just as bad."
In 2007, ZHANG Yong-kui in Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Department Fund's support, led a research group carried out a level of iodine nutrition in Zhoushan epidemiological investigation, the report released in April of this year. ZHANG Yong-kui In an interview with "South Du Weekly" interview, said: "We are unable to answer this survey is not iodized salt has led to the occurrence of thyroid disease, but the Zhoushan who did excessive iodine nutrition, and thyroid disease is on the rise every year."
For several months of investigation, they were urban residents in 1389 were B-ultrasonography and urine iodine test. The results showed that urban residents in Zhoushan Island median urinary iodine is 320 mg / l, 8-10-year-old children, 259 μg / l, urinary iodine value greater than the WHO designated 200 μg / l security line of people accounted for 77% of the object under investigation.
Sometimes, the hospital diagnosed 10 a day or even several dozens goiter, thyroid tumor patients and then measured the patient's urine iodine content, let Zhoushan City People's Hospital Medical surprise, almost all patients with iodine excess, while the patients changed to eat non - salt A few days later, the majority of patients with urinary iodine levels decreased significantly.
ZHANG Yong-kui can often come into contact with to make his shocking case. "Once a young female teacher, her mother just last year because of thyroid cancer received surgery to remove her also identified shortly after goiter resulted in the fine asked, her family have five individuals suffering from this diseases. "
"I treated thyroid cancer patients, the smallest is only 9 years old." Wang told reporters.
Universal side effect of iodine supplementation
Across the country, especially coastal areas, salt iodization policy has been more and more seriously questioned. Tianjin, Shenyang, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Fuzhou and other cities, every year a large number of medical survey shows dramatic increase in thyroid disease is, while the iodine excess is considered an important factor, many of which results were published in the "Chinese Journal of Endocrinology Metabolism", "Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, "and other authoritative medical journals.
Center for Disease Control in Guangdong Province in epidemiological investigation of thyroid disease for many years Zhong, many times over the past decade to conduct the investigation. As early as in 2001, he feels part of Guangdong province have high levels of urinary iodine population trends, the need to cut the amount of salt iodization in Guangdong in the 20-30 ug / g. After a few years, he also issued a number of conclusions, pointing out that in some areas related to breast milk iodine and iodized salt is too high, we should attach importance to a side effect of universal salt iodization policy.
In 2003, the Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and the Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control conducted a joint study, choose the 1996 consumption of iodized salt and Zhangjiang Wuchuan County, Huang Po Zhen iodized salt had not been implemented step Zhanjiang Xuwen County Point of Inquiry established by Thomas Chan to investigate respectively 70000 and 50000.
The results showed that iodine eight years later, Huang Po Zhen average annual incidence of hyperthyroidism has more than doubled, no iodine in Mai Mr Chan has not changed much. Zhong explained that this increased incidence is one-off nature - an increase and then declined.
With mild iodine deficiency area in the Shanghai survey also shows that: the incidence of hyperthyroidism after two years from the iodization of about 2-fold increase. The implementation of iodized salt in the prevention and treatment for many years after the old ward in the universal salt iodization, iodine hyperthyroidism did not increase, indicating the crowd has been adapted to the gradual increase in iodine intake, while the implementation of iodized salt has just taken place in prevention and treatment of new ward Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism epidemic. "
"In the iodine-deficient environment, the body will automatically adjust, such as increased thyroid volume, in order to produce enough thyroid hormones, but sudden adequate iodine intake, and the human organism has to go through a period of time to transition into a normal state. , "Zhong said.
Let Zhong unexpectedly, Xuwen in Guangdong, because of the traditional salt production, people ate mostly salt smuggling, according to CDC, Guangdong Province, the local organization's urine iodine test showed that the region with mild iodine deficiency area , the need for appropriate iodine concentration (25 ± 5) μg / g.
"At least in Guangdong, all the people go on iodine supplementation should be carried out." Zhong said, "People generally believe that coastal dwellers eat more seafood, from food to get enough iodine, but in fact not the case. Kehai per 1,000 fish about 200 micrograms of iodine a day to eat at least 750 grams in order to ensure the body's normal need to iodine, this appetite for the vast majority of people can not do. So that eating seafood is not to say iodine deficiency is not correct. "
Fifteen years of iodine supplementation
CUI Gong-hao was also a staunch supporter of salt iodization policy.
The last century, 80 years, he has worked with more than a dozen doctors in the composition of a team, rushed to the census of mountain Linan iodine deficiency disorders. Where they spent ten to twenty days, almost all the elderly population census again, thyroid disease rate of about 50% or so, most of which are caused by iodine deficiency.
China is the world's iodine was once one of the countries most seriously, there are more than 700 million population of iodine deficiency, iodine deficiency patients have been accounted for in the world group of 40%.
In 1993 the State Department hosted a "mobilization meeting on the Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders", adopted a national program to combat iodine deficiency disorders outline, decided to promote universal salt iodization to eliminate iodine deficiency prevention and treatment strategies.
Officially promulgated in 1994, the State, "iodized salt to eliminate iodine deficiency hazard management regulations", the iodization of salt as a fixed policy. To 1995, except Tibet, the country implemented a consumption of iodized salt.
However, in the control of iodine deficiency disorders the same time, iodized salt may cause harm, and not paid attention to. For a long period of time, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, Shandong and Henan provinces were also eight iodine mandatory iodized salt.
1 Zhejiang CDC's experts, "regulations" are actually already clearly stated: do not consume iodized salt, iodine areas, but this policy is not implemented well, many parts of the salt company in pursuit of higher profits, all Sales iodized salt. "2008 National Iodized Salt Monitoring Report" display: Many areas are still in the consumption of iodized salt iodine, in which Beijing and Fujian rate of non-iodized salt is only 25% and 22.67%.
In 2005, "China Daily" in a report Exposure: Shangqiu City, Henan Province, the Ministry of Health goalkeeper as iodine areas, requesting a salt sector "to stop the supply of iodized salt," salt company has not been ignored. In the Chinese provinces, Salt Monopoly with the goal of assessment linked to the promotion of iodized salt. Salt to implement franchise policy, Salt Company is the business and a salt management, the executive branch.
On the other hand, the departments concerned residents to monitor the level of iodine nutrition is not in place. Zhejiang iodine nutrition status survey project manager Lou Xiaoming, at present a lack of Zhejiang Province prior to 2000 CDC data. While the national level, until the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders in 2008 is just the implementation of monitoring programs.
Until 2008, Choi Gong-ho's wife found thyroid cancer, this time the national policy of universal salt iodization has been implemented for 14 years.
In the meantime, the international community about the concept of iodized salt has undergone major changes.
The last century 90's, the World Health Organization to vigorously promote the global elimination of iodine deficiency. For a long period of time, the organization believes that "Every day 1,000 micrograms of iodine intake on healthy adults is safe." In 2001, the World Health Organization for the first time iodine excess are defined that should not be encouraged daily iodine intake of more than 300 micrograms / l (urine iodine test).
Clearly, in order to CUI Gong-hao individuals are unable to reverse the salt iodization policy. After more than a year tracing, Choi Gong-ho had to admit, for excessive salt intake cause thyroid pathology he had not basis for. "This is not a person or a few experts will be able to complete the task, requiring a large nationwide survey."
"In the great popular movement against the background of iodine, iodine 500 million of adequate health of the population has been completely ignored." Cui said.
Difficult to describe the U-shaped
Despite the growing number of coastal residents suspected to point to excessive iodine intake, but there are still a lot of medical controversy.
Wang observed in clinical practice, come to the hospital diagnosis of thyroid disease patients, Taizhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou and other places are mostly in these areas are mainly distributed in coastal areas in Zhejiang Province. "From the region, it seems that showing a certain degree of relevance."
However, in Zhejiang Province, CDC provided to a reporter's investigation report was completed last year, the conclusion is the opposite. The content of the report is focused on monitoring the various counties within the province for students aged 8-10 and 18-55 year-old woman's urine iodine monitoring, the range Chun'an, Qingyuan, Anji, Tongxiang, Yuhuan, and Daishan six counties. Of which the first two is on the hill counties, the middle two are vegetable processing area, a large number of non-iodized salt, the last two counties is an island county. Survey results showed: Hill county's highest median urinary iodine, which reached 268.5 Qingyuan, while the lowest salt production areas are located in Daishan and Yuhuan, respectively, 110 and 120.
Lou Xiaoming considered that as the contrast group and the lack of comprehensive survey data, at present can not say a significant increase in the incidence of thyroid. He explained that the detection rate and morbidity are two concepts of the last century when the 90's, thyroid, primarily by palpation, and the present B-device can do more than 3 millimeters in diameter nodules can be detected. He believes that the current increase in thyroid disease, largely from the increase in detection rates.
The medical profession on the whole people before and after iodine supplementation of thyroid disease, the concern of structural change, in fact, as early as 10 years ago has begun.
Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Chang 闿 Jane, who conducted a 10-year investigation. They found that the universal consumption of iodized salt, so that the lower A significantly lower morbidity rate, but the increase in the prevalence of hyperthyroidism.
In Liaoning, the former president Teng Weiping, China Medical University, led research team from 1999, conducted a three-five-year "of iodine intake on thyroid diseases affect the" project.
The team selected three areas of monitoring, including an iodine deficiency region, an adequate amount of iodine super-region and an iodine excess area. The final conclusion is: iodine nutrition status is a kind of ecological environment for human survival, man-made change the ecological environment should be very cautious in iodine intake by no means the better.
Teng Weiping far-reaching implications of the study.
In March 2001 the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress, when he was deputy to the NPC, Professor Teng Weiping lead up to 9000 words, submitted a motion, proposed to amend the universal salt iodization legislation. The motion by the State attaches great importance to the timely amendment of the salt iodization relevant national standards, reduced the minimum standards for iodine content in salt. In the same year's "Prevention of iodine deficiency disease", the State proposed the "local conditions, guidance, science and iodine," the new approach.
In 2005, the state in principle, to stop the supply of iodized salt in iodine area.
"The results came out Weiping contributed to the current consensus in the medical profession an iodine intake of too much or too little can lead to thyroid disease, generally showed a U-shaped relationship, meaning that both iodine deficiency and iodine-rich LOH, leading to thyroid disease, However, the specific role of the middle of the process is not yet clear whether the iodine intake, how much is appropriate? more than what the volume is pathogenic? the various regions, different populations of individual differences is how? "Wang said.
Transfer
Held this year during the National People's Congress of Zhejiang representatives, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Public Health, director of emergency response testing Lu Yi-yu again: "should pay attention to the problem of excessive salt iodine to prevent similar to the Sanlu milk powder as food safety incidents from happening again."
In Lu's proposals before the disease control departments in Hebei Province early this year put forward in the history of disease (large neck disease) counties (districts, cities), the "other regions, even if the write-off of non-iodized salt has on human health without obstacle. "
The long-term medical survey, the media attention in recent years and this year's National People's Congress proposal finally sparked concern.
Earlier this year, "National iodized salt monitoring brief" that the existence of iodine in some areas mixed region, it is recommended to carry out appropriate research and investigation the provinces to work right in line with the standard iodine areas designated cities and counties should be reported to the relevant departments as soon as possible be determined.
This year in May, the Ministry of Health to urgently convene a meeting, the final decision in Zhejiang, Fujian, Liaoning, Shanghai, four to start, "Iodine nutritional status of residents in coastal areas," survey, more than 20 professionals from the four provinces was subsequently the Ministry of Health disease Control Board meeting in Beijing for training.
In June, low-key start this project in Zhejiang. Be elected in the province a total of 13 survey points, including five coastal cities, five coastal villages, and another three counties as the comparison group, Lou Xiaoming is the one primarily responsible for the project. "At present, half of the site survey work has been completed, the census may end up in 10 months to complete."
Lou Xiaoming introduction, the survey raised eight-character principle, namely, "science iodine, and appropriate guidance," they would on this basis, the company that they would make appropriate salt iodized salt concentration of proposals.
"Salt iodization policy from an historical perspective, certainly not be withheld. But in people's living standards and health awareness-raising, you can let the residents, especially residents of coastal areas such as iodine to choose how iodine according to their own characteristics." F Xiaoming said that if the investigation supports the conclusion too much iodized salt, iodized salt in Zhejiang province is likely to face adjustment policy, "in the future in a supermarket to buy non-iodized salt may be listed in iodized salt may also be have different concentrations. "
For ongoing research, Choi Gong-ho by the medical profession has long heard of a friend, he saw the loose iodized salt policy space, but not sure what the result will be.
He is still a daily collection of newspaper reports on thyroid disease. Recently, he wrote a letter to the Zhejiang provincial local media, he wrote in the draft yard anxiously: "Do I need all the people consumed iodized salt, which is an important matter related to the national health, people of all ages to be salt, salt-an insecurity, it is more serious than melamine. "
The end of this article because the "scientific enough" was rejection.
CUI Gong-hao still often go out to buy non-iodized salt, bring proof of his wife's illness.
On one occasion, Choi Gong-ho in the Zhongshan Road to buy non-iodized salt for salt, next to a young man to buy salt, Minato came over and asked him why he bought non-iodized salt.
"My wife just had surgery for thyroid cancer," Cui Gong-ho told him.
"I just do the surgery." Lad lifted his T-shirt, from the chest through the neck, there is a shocking scars. ( "City Express" reporter Jin Lipi also contribute to this article)
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